Child Abuse: A Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Model

The frequency of child abuse, together with its generational pattern of reocurrence, has created a need for additional models for child abuse treatment. Presented herein is a six-step child abuse intervention model based upon cognitive-behavioral change strategies. Allowing immediate alleviation of abuse when only one adult family member is in contact with the assisting agency, the proposed model provides for the restructuring of parenting style to increase the probabilities of permanent change.
This model is currently being utilized by one of the authors to assist self-referred abusive patients in a group setting.     

Planning the deployment of clergy

The deployment of Anglican clergy across the 43 dioceses of England provides an interesting case of quasi-quantitative planning in the Church of England. This paper examines the proposals that have been adopted and notes some unusual features connected with their development. Several steps are suggested which could lead to a fairer deployment of the clergy and to a general improvement in the planning processes of the Church of England.     

Social cognitions about adult male victims of female sexual assault

Although men are far less likely than women to be victims of heterosexual assault, such cases have been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. We compared social judgments about male and female victims of heterosexual and homosexual rape and tested hypotheses concerning social cognitions that are assumed to underlie a male rape mythology. In a 2 × 2 × 2 design, 77 male and 89 female subjects made a series of judgments about a sexual assault case in which sex of victim and sex of assailants were manipulated. Consistent with the hypotheses, the male victim of sexual assault by females was judged more likely to have initiated or encouraged the sex acts, and more enjoyment and less stress were attributed to him. This pattern of results was more pronounced among male subjects. The results are discussed in relation to stereotypic beliefs concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning that are likely to affect the social cognitions of both observers and male victims of heterosexual assault.     

Bayesian analysis of two-component mixture distributions applied to estimating malaria attributable fractions

Malaria illness can be diagnosed by the presence of fever and parasitaemia. However, in highly endemic areas the diagnosis of clinical malaria can be difficult since children may tolerate parasites without fever and may have fever due to other causes. We propose a novel, simulation-based Bayesian approach for obtaining precise estimates of the probabilities of children with different levels of parasitaemia having fever due to malaria, by formulating the problem as a mixture of distributions. The methodology suggested is a general methodology for decomposing any two-component mixture distribution nonparametrically, when an independent training sample is available from one of the components. It is based on the assumption that one of the component distributions lies on the left of the other but there is some overlap between the distributions.     

Giving credit where credit is due: Dorothy Swaine Thomas and the “Thomas Theorem”

This study examines how Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection to the well-known “Thomas Theorem” is documented in introductory sociology texts. W.I. Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas co-authoredThe Child in America (1928) in which the “theorem” first appears. However, it was not until the mid-1970s that Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection to these words begins to be cited in the books surveyed. The author suggests one reason for this pattern of neglect is a professional ideology that encouraged a process of genderization in sociology. It is only when women start to gain more visibility in the discipline that Dorothy Swain Thomas begins to be cited. The various ways the texts differ from the basic norms of citation are analyzed and discussed.

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