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71.
We investigate the theoretical and empirical implications of internationalization as a multidimensional and multilevel construct and its relationship to the renewal capability of the firm. Theoretically, internationalization describes a diverse range of cross-border activities by the multinational enterprise (MNE), and thus carries with it multiple dimensions of depth, breadth, and speed. Empirically, internationalization contains both within- and between-MNE variance, each with potentially different effects on the MNE's renewal capability. Using a unique, longitudinal dataset of 94 MNEs, we find support that each dimension and level of internationalization relates differently to the renewal capability of the MNE. At the within-level, the MNE internationalization breadth is negatively related to the its renewal capability, yet internationalization speed is positively related to renewal. At the between-level, the depth of internationalization is positively related to the MNE's renewal capability. In concert, our results suggest that the effects of internationalization on important outcomes cannot be simplified into general relationships. Rather, attention to the nuances of internationalization, especially as related to the MNE's capabilities, is needed. 相似文献
72.
Monica K. Hurdal Juan B. Gutierrez Christian Laing Deborah A. Smith 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(3):257-275
We describe geometric invariants that characterize the shape of curves and surfaces in 3D space: curvature, Gauss integrals
and moments. We apply these invariants to neuroimaging data to determine if they have application for automatically classifying
and parcellating cortical data. The curves of sulci and gyri on the cortical surface can be obtained by reconstructing cortical
surface representations of the human brain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We reconstructed gray matter surfaces
for 15 subjects, traced 10 sulcal curves on each surface and computed geometric invariants for each curve. These geometric
features were used classify the curves into sulcal and hemispheric classes. The best classification results were obtained
when moment-based features were computed on the sulcal curves in native space. Gauss integral measures showed that they were
useful for differentiating the hemispheric location of a single sulcus. These promising results may indicate that moment invariants
are useful for characterizing shape on a global scale. Gauss integral invariants are potentially useful measures for characterizing
cortical shape on a local, rather than global scale. Gauss integrals have found biological significance in characterizing
proteins so it is worthwhile to consider their possible application to neuroscientific data. 相似文献
73.
74.
Current trends in mental health practice indicate that mental health practitioners, including clinical social workers, are
tending to move away from psychodynamic approaches and are favoring short-term empirically supported approaches such as cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT). Recently, the presumption that long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) approaches lack empirical support
has been challenged, however, with the publication in major peer reviewed journals of meta-analyses that are claimed to demonstrate
its equality to or superiority over empirically supported short-term therapies for some conditions. The present article examines
the methodology employed in one particular meta-analysis which compared LTPP to short term therapies and the studies upon
which the analysis was based. We found that major methodological and statistical flaws with the meta-analysis and with the
individual studies preclude drawing any conclusions regarding the efficacy of LTPP. 相似文献
75.
Monica R. Geist 《Evaluation and program planning》2010,33(2):147-154
Involving stakeholders can greatly impact evaluation results. The Delphi method, a consensus-building tool, is a promising process to promote and encourage involvement from all stakeholders during the evaluation framing process. The Delphi method removes geographic challenges and time boundaries allowing all stakeholders to participate. The Delphi method uses a series of surveys interspersed with controlled feedback designed to gather information and build consensus without requiring face-to-face meetings. Two different formats of the Delphi method, a paper-and-pencil, postal-mail version and a web-based, real-time computer version are compared in this study. Both versions of the Delphi were administered to a non-profit community based organization as part of framing an evaluation. Participation rates were better with the paper–pencil version. The quantity and quality of data collected were comparable in both versions. 相似文献
76.
The paper draws on resource orchestration theory to investigate whether and how performance management (PM) practices interact with human resource management (HRM) practices in organisations as well as how this interaction affects firm performance. The proposed theoretical model was tested through a survey of 192 UK firms using Partial Least Squares approach for structural equations modelling. The findings show that the effect of PM practices on firm performance is better explained when the interaction between these practices and other organisational practices is considered. In particular, we examine the extent to which the interaction between PM practices and commitment-based HRM practices affects performance. We find that when HRM practices and PM practices are misaligned, their effect on performance can be negative. This is the first paper in the PM literature that establishes the relationship between PM and HRM practices in organisations and demonstrates the effect of this relationship on firm performance. 相似文献
77.
Zhengming Xing Bradley Nicholson Monica Jimenez Timothy Veldman Lori Hudson Joseph Lucas 《Journal of applied statistics》2014,41(6):1358-1382
A Bayesian statistical model is developed for analysis of the time-evolving properties of infectious disease, with a particular focus on viruses. The model employs a latent semi-Markovian state process, and the state-transition statistics are driven by three terms: (i) a general time-evolving trend of the overall population, (ii) a semi-periodic term that accounts for effects caused by the days of the week, and (iii) a regression term that relates the probability of infection to covariates (here, specifically, to the Google Flu Trends data). Computations are performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Results are presented using a novel data set: daily self-reported symptom scores from hundreds of Duke University undergraduate students, collected over three academic years. The illnesses associated with these students are (imperfectly) labeled using real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for several viruses, and gene-expression data were also analyzed. The statistical analysis is performed on the daily, self-reported symptom scores, and the RT PCR and gene-expression data are employed for analysis and interpretation of the model results. 相似文献
78.
Roberto Benedetti Monica Pratesi Nicola Salvati 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2013,22(1):81-95
Small area estimators are often based on linear mixed models under the assumption that relationships among variables are stationary across the area of interest (Fay–Herriot models). This hypothesis is patently violated when the population is divided into heterogeneous latent subgroups. In this paper we propose a local Fay–Herriot model assisted by a Simulated Annealing algorithm to identify the latent subgroups of small areas. The value minimized through the Simulated Annealing algorithm is the sum of the estimated mean squared error (MSE) of the small area estimates. The technique is employed for small area estimates of erosion on agricultural land within the Rathbun Lake Watershed (IA, USA). The results are promising and show that introducing local stationarity in a small area model may lead to useful improvements in the performance of the estimators. 相似文献
79.
The aim of this study was to explore the structure, interaction, and function of the support networks of women and men with psychiatric disabilities. The study took a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative (n=181) and qualitative (n=42) data from a region in southern Sweden. The quantitative results showed that the respondents received widespread support of different types and from many different sources. However, the qualitative interviews revealed that many of the interviewees did not perceive the received support as supportive. The respondents’ internal resources influenced both their ability to receive support and their perception of the support. The informal and formal support sources formed the external resources of the respondents. Our interviewees often experienced formal support as conditional support, while informal support from the family was experienced as unconditional. There was thus a gap between the structure and function of the social support. This article contributes important knowledge from the perspective of persons with psychiatric disabilities. 相似文献
80.
Successful projects represent the effective culmination of management skills, planning, and individual project member strengths. In operations management, such strengths are often viewed predominantly from the perspective of skill base. However, it has become increasingly evident that behavioral traits associated with individuals play a very significant, if not ultimately dominating, role in the effectiveness of certain group projects. Our aim in this study is to look into how certain individual attributes viewed as relevant to these project contexts may lead to social networking decisions that have impacts spanning multiple levels of analysis. Such insights are likely to prove valuable to decision makers managing project teams as well. We employ a controlled 4‐month investigation of multiple projects, for which we are able to consider both objective, and subjective pre‐, in situ, and postproject data. Our results demonstrate that the issues of perceived control, confidence, and conscientiousness are relevant not only in driving individual perceptions of the value of within‐group interactions, and hence the development of associated ties, but are also ultimately relevant in helping to drive higher levels of group performance. 相似文献