利用SPECAN算法的聚束SAR成像处理

讨论了距离向去调频聚束模式SAR信号的回波模型及特点,通过对聚束SAR信号的时、频域关系的分析,给出了适合去调频后的聚束SAR数据的成像算法。该算法结合了SPECAN算法高效和标准条带成像算法精确的优点,首先采用SPECAN算法对原始数据距离向去斜,其次采用距离-多普勒算法实现方位精确聚焦,与传统的距离-多普勒算法相比,成倍地降低处理的数据量,从而可实现聚束SAR的实时成像处理。对Ku波段实际飞行数据采用该算法压缩得到高分辨率的图像,验证了理论分析的正确性和所用方法的可行性。     

Les rejetés de la modernisation

In Brazil unlike France two very split labour markets co-exist, the formal and the informal. On the formal labor market in Brazil, union rights prevail, and wage-earners are protected unlike in the informal labor market where none of this exists. Raising industry to an international level pushed many wage-earners out of the formal sector during the 1980s. Did they find jobs elsewhere? If so, in which branches of the economy? To provide answers, two files are crossed, their data having been made longitudinal. Dismissed workers’ trajectories from 1989 till 1995 in two branches and two regions are analyzed: the automobile industry in the São Paulo area and the petrochemical industry in the São Salvador (Bahia) area. These career trajectories shed light on how modernization has affected quite different labor markets; it also brings to the foreground the concept of a systemic restructuring of the labor market. — Special issue: Latin America.     

农村市场经济下传统伦理调控力辩证

经济运行离不开社会调控,农村市场经济建设中,传统伦理调控力客观存在,但由于市场经济形态与社会结构的变化,这种调控力与农村市场经济之间存在一定的矛盾。前者决定了传统伦理调控力对农村市场经济的现代价值,后者决定了这种价值的实现有赖于传统伦理的现代转型及有效的伦理环境的形成。     

A Conditional Likelihood Ratio Test for Structural Models

This paper develops a general method for constructing exactly similar tests based on the conditional distribution of nonpivotal statistics in a simultaneous equations model with normal errors and known reduced‐form covariance matrix. These tests are shown to be similar under weak‐instrument asymptotics when the reduced‐form covariance matrix is estimated and the errors are non‐normal. The conditional test based on the likelihood ratio statistic is particularly simple and has good power properties. Like the score test, it is optimal under the usual local‐to‐null asymptotics, but it has better power when identification is weak.     

Decision Theory Applied to a Linear Panel Data Model

This paper applies some general concepts in decision theory to a linear panel data model. A simple version of the model is an autoregression with a separate intercept for each unit in the cross section, with errors that are independent and identically distributed with a normal distribution. There is a parameter of interest γ and a nuisance parameter τ, a N×K matrix, where N is the cross‐section sample size. The focus is on dealing with the incidental parameters problem created by a potentially high‐dimension nuisance parameter. We adopt a “fixed‐effects” approach that seeks to protect against any sequence of incidental parameters. We transform τ to (δ, ρ, ω), where δ is a J×K matrix of coefficients from the least‐squares projection of τ on a N×J matrix x of strictly exogenous variables, ρ is a K×K symmetric, positive semidefinite matrix obtained from the residual sums of squares and cross‐products in the projection of τ on x, and ω is a (N−J) ×K matrix whose columns are orthogonal and have unit length. The model is invariant under the actions of a group on the sample space and the parameter space, and we find a maximal invariant statistic. The distribution of the maximal invariant statistic does not depend upon ω. There is a unique invariant distribution for ω. We use this invariant distribution as a prior distribution to obtain an integrated likelihood function. It depends upon the observation only through the maximal invariant statistic. We use the maximal invariant statistic to construct a marginal likelihood function, so we can eliminate ω by integration with respect to the invariant prior distribution or by working with the marginal likelihood function. The two approaches coincide. Decision rules based on the invariant distribution for ω have a minimax property. Given a loss function that does not depend upon ω and given a prior distribution for (γ, δ, ρ), we show how to minimize the average—with respect to the prior distribution for (γ, δ, ρ)—of the maximum risk, where the maximum is with respect to ω. There is a family of prior distributions for (δ, ρ) that leads to a simple closed form for the integrated likelihood function. This integrated likelihood function coincides with the likelihood function for a normal, correlated random‐effects model. Under random sampling, the corresponding quasi maximum likelihood estimator is consistent for γ as N→∞, with a standard limiting distribution. The limit results do not require normality or homoskedasticity (conditional on x) assumptions.     

三峡工程外迁农村移民稳定与发展研究

通过对湖北省当阳市三峡工程外迁农村移民进行实地调查,发现移民已逐步适应安置地的生活,但是仍然存在着生产、生活及心理各方面的问题。因此,促进移民长期稳定与发展还需加强移民后期扶持工作,完善生活保障体系,重建社会网络,促进移民融合。     

论我国互联网金融发展的刑法保障

互联网金融是互联网时代的新金融活动,对我国经济社会的现代化发挥重要的推动作用,同时,也面临互联网金融违法犯罪、法律和监管方面的风险。我国应为互联网金融的健康发展提供有力的法律保障,尽快确立甄别互联网金融创新与相关违法犯罪的刑法标准。从社会危害性和刑事违法性两个方面、出罪标准和定罪标准两个层次上来设定互联网金融的刑法保障标准,出罪标准是有利于实体经济和经济社会发展,定罪标准是行为同时具有严重社会危害性和刑事违法性,保护互联网金融合法经营活动,宽宥对待其中的轻微违法行为,严厉打击互联网金融犯罪。对互联网金融的监管规范应首先考虑运用民商、行政等法律,只有在其难以有效发挥保障作用时,才需要刑法介入。     

Tracking Transformations in Health Movement Organisations: Alzheimer's Disease Organisations and their Changing ‘Cause Regimes’

In this paper, we aim to contribute to the elaboration of a framework for the systematic periodisation of health social movement organisations (HSMOs). Drawing on historical and contemporaneous data on two organisations that identify as Alzheimer's disease movement organisations (the Alzheimer's Society in Britain and the Alzheimer Society of Ireland), we consider transformations in these organisations' ‘cause regimes’. By cause regime, we refer to who and what an HSMO is fighting for, as articulated in its public self-identifications; to the broader framing of the cause and to how organisations' public self-identifications of their cause can govern or regulate their operation, including their interactions with and representations of those on whose behalf they advocate. We show that the transformation of HSMOs' cause regime can give rise to a series of organisational tensions and challenges, including the alignment of the public identification of its cause with the patient identities it promotes, or its day-to-day ‘patient identity work’.     

经济全球化与市场分割性双重条件下中国企业战略选择研究

基于中国企业在加入世界贸易组织以后所面临的特殊情境,深入分析经济全球化与市场分割性对中国企业构成的双重压力和影响,以及中国企业应对上述影响所采取的4种主要的战略选择。这4种战略选择是高度的市场本地化和高度的行业多元化相结合、高度的投资本地化与高度的行业集中化相结合、高度的市场多元化与高度的行业集中化相结合以及高度的行业多元化和高度的市场多元化相结合。基于此提出新形势下中国企业应对经济全球化和市场分割性的战略选择模式,进一步讨论了选择不同战略的企业在未来环境变化中可能面临的机遇与挑战,为企业在新形势下做出恰当的战略选择指明方向。     

铁路物流角色定位研究:SDN(供需网)的一类节点

本文分析了国内外关于铁路物流和供应链模式的研究现状,描述了当前我国铁路物流的定位,分析了铁路物流成为SDN一类节点的可能性。研究表明,铁路成为SDN一类节点后,实现了物流在不同地区的平衡发展,在降低运作成本、增加企业收益等方面有着重要的优势,将会进一步带动物流产业和经济的发展。