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291.
Rodrigo Nobre Fernandez Helton Saulo André Carraro Fabricio Tourrucôo Ronald Hillbrecht 《Public Organization Review》2018,18(1):39-51
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a new model of public management which consists of the contractual relationship between public and private entities. In particular, PPPs enable risk share between public and private sectors making the asymmetric information problem in a contractual arrangement more evident. The aim of this paper was to study a moral hazard problem applied to PPP contracts. To achieve this objective, a PPP computational contractual model including the moral hazard with lotteries was developed to assess how contractual changes could affect the optimum behavior of arrangement members. Simulations indicate that projects with higher economic value should attract more qualified firms, which may be why the companies expend more effort. To deal with possible contractual contingencies and try to minimize the moral hazard problem, the government could draw up more flexible contracts in order to include possible necessary changes and punish unwanted or improper consortium behavior. 相似文献
292.
Salvador Boccaletti Ramos José de Paula Silva Cláudia Alexandra Bolela Mônica de Andrade 《Social indicators research》2018,138(2):467-477
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) list the objectives and targets that should be addressed to solve the global issues regarding sustainable development. They encompass the social, economic and environmental dimensions and search for solutions that are able not only to monitor but also to control the operational indicators attributed to each objective. It is expected that many of these indicators are associated to each other and the accurate understanding of these correlations allows to build predictive statistical models that can improve the monitoring and controlling of variables. It would increase the rate of success in achieving the SDG. This study tested a linear multivariate model able to predict the human development index based on environmental variables which are related to SDG 3 (health), 4 (education), 8 (sustainable economic growth and decent work) and 15 (protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems). We fitted the models using the Linear Discriminant Analysis and Best Subset Selection applied to a Linear Multivariate Regression. The model predictive ability was assessed by R2 and cross-validation (CV). The results showed that exposure to unsafe sanitation, access to drinking water, tree cover loss, unsafe water quality, wastewater treatment level, and household air pollution are excellent predictors of human development index of a population, with R2 = 0.94 and 10-fold CV Mean Squared Error equal to 0.0014. This tool can help stakeholders to monitor and control indicators attributed to good health and well-being, quality education, clean water and sanitation, decent work and economic growth, sustainable cities and communities and life on land sustainable development goals. 相似文献
293.
We address the issue of performing inference on the parameters that index the modified extended Weibull (MEW) distribution. We show that numerical maximization of the MEW log-likelihood function can be problematic. It is even possible to encounter maximum likelihood estimates that are not finite, that is, it is possible to encounter monotonic likelihood functions. We consider different penalization schemes to improve maximum likelihood point estimation. A penalization scheme based on the Jeffreys’ invariant prior is shown to be particularly useful. Simulation results on point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis testing inference are presented. Two empirical applications are presented and discussed. 相似文献
294.
Theory and Society - This article aims to analyse the governmental rationalities that took passions as an object in the French seventeenth century, unleashing the modern transformation in emotional... 相似文献
295.
Magda Carvalho Pires Enrico Antnio Colosimo Guilherme Augusto Veloso Raquel de Souza Borges Ferreira 《Journal of applied statistics》2021,48(5):907
Survival data involving silent events are often subject to interval censoring (the event is known to occur within a time interval) and classification errors if a test with no perfect sensitivity and specificity is applied. Considering the nature of this data plays an important role in estimating the time distribution until the occurrence of the event. In this context, we incorporate validation subsets into the parametric proportional hazard model, and show that this additional data, combined with Bayesian inference, compensate the lack of knowledge about test sensitivity and specificity improving the parameter estimates. The proposed model is evaluated through simulation studies, and Bayesian analysis is conducted within a Gibbs sampling procedure. The posterior estimates obtained under validation subset models present lower bias and standard deviation compared to the scenario with no validation subset or the model that assumes perfect sensitivity and specificity. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the new methodology with an analysis of real data about HIV acquisition in female sex workers that have been discussed in the literature. 相似文献
296.
This work presents a framework of dynamic structural models with covariates for short-term forecasting of time series with complex seasonal patterns. The framework is based on the multiple sources of randomness formulation. A noise model is formulated to allow the incorporation of randomness into the seasonal component and to propagate this same randomness in the coefficients of the variant trigonometric terms over time. A unique, recursive and systematic computational procedure based on the maximum likelihood estimation under the hypothesis of Gaussian errors is introduced. The referred procedure combines the Kalman filter with recursive adjustment of the covariance matrices and the selection method of harmonics number in the trigonometric terms. A key feature of this method is that it allows estimating not only the states of the system but also allows obtaining the standard errors of the estimated parameters and the prediction intervals. In addition, this work also presents a non-parametric bootstrap approach to improve the forecasting method based on Kalman filter recursions. The proposed framework is empirically explored with two real time series. 相似文献
297.
Wallerstein LF Barroso R Tricoli V Mello MT Ugrinowitsch C 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2010,18(4):390-400
Ramp isometric contractions determine peak torque (PT) and neuromuscular activation (NA), and ballistic contractions can be used to evaluate rate of torque development (RTD) and electrical mechanical delay (EMD). The purposes of this study were to assess the number of sessions required to stabilize ramp and ballistic PT and to compare PT and NA between contractions in older adults. Thirty-five older men and women (age 63.7 ± 3.7 yr, body mass 64.3 ± 10.7 kg, height 159.2 ± 6.6 cm) performed 4 sessions of unilateral ramp and ballistic isometric knee extension, 48 hr apart. PT significantly increased (main time effect p < .05) from the first to the third session, with no further improvements thereafter. There was a trend toward higher PT in ballistic than in ramp contractions. No difference between contraction types on EMG values was observed. Therefore, the authors suggest that 3 familiarization sessions be performed to correctly assess PT. In addition, PT, NA, RTD, and EMD can be assessed with ballistic contraction in older adults. 相似文献
298.
Renato Giovannini 《Journal of Management and Governance》2010,14(2):145-166
Using a sample of 56 Italian IPOs issued between 1999 and 2005, several hypotheses are tested on the interplay between corporate
governance, family ownership and performance. Specifically tested is which approach among all agency, stewardship, and contingency
theory is most appropriate for Italian family firms. Findings suggest that board independence increases with family disinvestment
at IPO, presence of venture capitalists, establishment of large and active boards, and existence of appointment and compensation
committees. At the same time, results indicate that the presence of independent directors affects performance positively but
with little statistical significance, while family involvement and the presence of execution committees negatively impact
share performance. 相似文献
299.
300.
Slaughterhouses are a decisive link in a healthy food chain. Officials from veterinary services, stationed there full-time, work next to personnel on the line so that the food produced is safe for human consumption. Each inspector has to lay the grounds for his/her individual position of authority to exercise controls. This control also depends on ongoing exchanges among inspection team members and on their knowing the distance to keep from workers on the line. Recent food and health scares, along with reforms for modernizing interventions by public authorities, have made controls more formalistic. References to standards and procedures for carrying out interventions and filing reports have been thoroughly modified. This study in France of the switch from an educational approach to food inspection to a procedural one, wherein written texts have an unprecedented scope, focuses on the concrete implications for inspectors, especially in terms of human relations. Light is shed on how the possibility of legal action has shaped these changes. 相似文献