试探如何减轻农民负担

文章从税费改革是减轻农民负担的最有效的措施入手,提出了如何从根本上减轻农民负担,即治本之策是进行 农村市场化改革;最后从中央对地方转移财政支付、精简机构、改革教育体制等三方面论述了如何搞好配套改革。     

沙特的改革成就与面临的挑战

自1971—1975年的第一个五年发展计划中，沙特政府提出提高国民生产总值、开发人力资源、实现经济结构多元化的三项基本任务以来，通过30年的六个五年计划和经济多元化为核心的改革，到20世纪末，国家和社会都经历了重大转型，改革巳取得引人注目的成就，社会经济的许多指标巳接近发达国家水平。     

Generalized quasi-likelihood

The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations. The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University.     

Ideas versus ideology: The origins of modern labor economics

Starting with its early twentieth century origins, the development of Labor Economics is traced to the present. We describe an intellectual revolution in which an earlier tra-dition that focused primarily on the institution of the labor union has been replaced by a perspective that emphasizes the various roles played by labor markets in an eco-nomic system. That earlier tradition contained very significant ideological elements, whereas its successor deals much more with the world of ideas. In the course of the debate, which still continues, ideas triumphed over ideology and created modern Labor Economics.     

关于人民币汇率问题的几点思考

人民币汇率不存在被严重低估的问题 ,升值没有客观必然性。目前人民币升值面临巨大压力 ,其主要原因在于我国不合理的外部均衡结构。人民币在未来也不会很快呈现出不断升值的变化趋势 ,中长期内的汇率变动趋势尚有待于观察 ,贬值压力同样不可低估。维持人民币汇率较长时期的稳定 ,延缓升值进程的发生 ,具有非常重要的战略意义     

Flipping and ex post aggregation

We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002     

On strategy-proofness and essentially single-valued cores: A converse result

In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness', if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof (even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property in implementation theory. Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002 I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments. And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta, Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University. All errors are my own responsiblity.     

合成孔径系统光束的大气传输

利用光束的合成孔径系统,通过控制子孔径系统发射光束的相位,可以实现光束的快速瞄准、跟踪及合成.本文在已开展的真空中合成孔径系统光束控制研究工作的基础上,进一步揭示了光束合成孔径系统可以有效地消除大气湍流对光束传输的影响,给出了数值模拟计算结果和三维图形演示.     

ZnO/AlN复合压电薄膜的研制

各种超高频电子整机需要高性能的表声波压电器件。介绍了新的压电薄膜——ZnO/AIN复合压电薄膜的制速、结构和性能,并给出主要研制结果。