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991.
992.
Yaron Leyvand Dvir Shabtay George Steiner Liron Yedidsion 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,19(3):347-368
We study scheduling problems with controllable processing times on parallel machines. Our objectives are to maximize the weighted
number of jobs that are completed exactly at their due date and to minimize the total resource allocation cost. We consider
four different models for treating the two criteria. We prove that three of these problems are
NP\mathcal{NP}
-hard even on a single machine, but somewhat surprisingly, the problem of maximizing an integrated objective function can
be solved in polynomial time even for the general case of a fixed number of unrelated parallel machines. For the three
NP\mathcal{NP}
-hard versions of the problem, with a fixed number of machines and a discrete resource type, we provide a pseudo-polynomial
time optimization algorithm, which is converted to a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. 相似文献
993.
Demetrios Argyriades 《Public Organization Review》2010,10(3):275-297
More than previous mild recessions, the current global crisis calls into question the merits of a model that held sway for
almost three decades. Celebrated in the nineties in a “National Bestseller”, which even President Clinton considered to be
a “blueprint” “for all officials to read”, the book—Reinventing Government—preached the reform of government in private sector ways. In stark contrast to Bureaucracy, which they considered “Bankrupt”. Authors Osborne and Gaebler (1993) promoted Debureaucratization, which they summed up as decentralization, deregulation, downsizing and outsourcing. It is time to revisit the assumptions of the Osborne-Gaebler model that has demonstrably failed. More than the model, however,
the ways of its promotion in the market of ideas invites a word of caution. It prompted simplistic distortions, which typically
followed from superficial analyses of Weber’s seminal opus (Timsit 2008:864–875). This paper reconsiders these two contrasting models, though not in “black” and “white”. Rather, the two are explored
in dialectical terms, as outcomes of shifting ideologies, often taken to extremes. 相似文献
994.
This paper deals with facility location problems on graphs with positive and negative vertex weights. We consider two different
objective functions: In the first one (MWD) vertices with positive weight are assigned to the closest facility, whereas vertices
with negative weight are assigned to the farthest facility. In the second one (WMD) all the vertices are assigned to the nearest
facility. For the MWD model it is shown that there exists a finite set of points in the graph which contains the locations
of facilities in an optimal solution. Furthermore, algorithms for both models for the 2-median problem on a cycle are developed.
The algorithm for the MWD model runs in linear time, whereas the algorithm for the WMD model has a time complexity of
O(n2)\mathcal{O}(n^{2})
. 相似文献
995.
In a federal system of government, powers are shared by the national and sub-national units in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. However, the process of policy implementation may differ on the basis of allocation of power and the nature of the system. Canada and the United States of America adopted federal systems of government, and faced similar pressures for implementing policies on environmental issues. Yet, the degree of success and outcome appear to be different due to variations in the strength of the respective federalist systems. An analysis of the various aspects of the federal system in the two countries reveals noticeable differences in institutional configurations, relationship between national and sub-national units, and variances in intra-institutional relations. All these have contributed to a divergence in the past, but there is an emerging trend of convergence as both the Canadian and American governments are gradually moving away from their existing patterns of policy implementation toward a new approach involving private-sector initiatives and self-enforcement with strong inclinations toward voluntarization, corporatization and marketization. 相似文献
996.
We examine how institutional changes affect corporate governance in transition economies. We develop a transition model that
specifies three stages of the transition process including the early, intermediate, and late. We develop a framework for assessing
the effectiveness of widely recognized corporate governance mechanisms (CGMs) in and across these stages. Our general proposition
is that as transition economies move from early, to intermediate, to late stages, effective CGMs tend to be those that are
based on state administrative control power, social networks and private orders, and market forces and formal institutions,
respectively. Our study has contributions and implications regarding the transition economies and the impacts of institutions on corporate
governance. 相似文献
997.
998.
Voice behavior refers to the behavior that proactively challenges the status quo and makes constructive changes. Previous studies have explored the antecedents of employees' voice behavior, but to whom employees are likely to voice their thoughts has remained rarely examined. We propose that voice behavior is target-sensitive and that there are two types of voice behavior: speaking out (voice toward peers) and speaking up (voice toward the supervisor). Transformational leadership facilitates both speaking out and speaking up. However, it produces effects on employees via different types of employee identifications. Specifically, social identification predicts only speaking out, while personal identification predicts only speaking up. In contrast, affiliative extra-role behavior is less target-sensitive, and transformational leadership influences affiliative extra-role behavior via both social identification and personal identification. We examined our hypotheses by collecting both self-reported and coworker data from 191 Chinese employees in different organizations. Our hypotheses gained general support from the data. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
999.
采用间隔期模型对中国上市公司首次公开发行与上市后的第一次再融资的融资间隔期进行了实证分析.研究表明,国有股比例越高,则首发后融资间隔期越短,而且这一结论在考察了公司的特征属性后是稳健的.更进一步的研究发现,国有股比例高的公司往往更达不到发行主管机构制定的关于再融资的净资产收益率标准.这2点发现表明:在股票发行核准制度框架下,国有企业再融资得到了政策倾斜. 相似文献
1000.