Child Obesity and the Interaction of Family and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context

Population Research and Policy Review - The literature on neighborhoods and child obesity links contextual conditions to risk, assuming that if place matters, it matters in a similar way for...     

Precarious intimacies – Europeanised border regime and migrant sex work

This article examines the meaning of borders – the spaces where immigration policies and restrictions are materially condensed – in the lives of migrant sex workers. I provide a theoretical and conceptual framework to discuss the role of borders in creating living and working conditions for sex workers within the European border regime. This regime both restricts and enables a structural background for migrant sex work. I argue that sex work scholars should pay closer attention to the heterogeneity of non-citizenship and the effects of different immigration statuses on the working conditions and forms of intimacies migrants create. Borders need to be viewed as institutions that produce social relations. I categorise these relations as precarious intimacies to describe the ways in which intimacy, commerce and borders often intertwine in the lives of migrants engaged in commercial sex work. The article draws upon 18-month ethnographic fieldwork among and interviews with migrant sex workers in Finland.     

Strategic Shared Leadership and Organizational Dynamic Capabilities

We propose that the purposeful sharing of strategic decisions and the process of making and taking those between the dominant coalition of an organization (Strategic Shared Leadership or SSL thereafter), initiated and supported by a focal strategic leader or small team, engenders Organizational Dynamic Capabilities (ODCs) though the transfer of individually-residing DCs within the SSL team, the transformation -co-creation of novel ones and their embeddedness-institutionalization within the organization. It also enhances organizational cognition which mediates the relationship by enriching co-created ODCs and their capacity to deliver reliably change through sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. Accordingly, SSL serves as a co-creator and key predictor of the emergence of ODCs. This helps address the challenges of DCs to marry stability with change, be predictable and to be capable of predicting.     

农户生计策略识别及其动态转型

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2013和2015年两期调查数据,构建收入—资产指数识别了中国农户的生计策略及其跨期动态转型,并从生计阶梯的视角阐释了生计转型对贫困治理的意义。研究发现:(1)农户兼业化和生计多样化程度在不断提高;(2)低收益生计策略退出率和高收益生计策略进入率比较低,生计转型主要发生在中等收益的生计策略中,最终整个生计阶梯演化为“葫芦型”,是对“金字塔”型生计阶梯的一种改善;(3)农户家庭当期的生计策略选择对上一期生计策略具有显著的依赖性。自然资本、人力资本、社会资本和金融资本的积累显著促进了农户生计策略的向高收益流动,而物质资本中的农用固定资产所形成的沉没成本,其捆绑效应阻碍了农户的生计多样化。因此,现阶段扶贫政策应该对农户生计资本提供保障,防止各类外生冲击(包括政策、自然)对农户资产的侵蚀,降低农户生计策略向低收益流动或者单一化的风险。     

Forced Migration and Mortality in the Very Long Term: Did Perestroika Affect Death Rates Also in Finland?

In this article, we analyze mortality rates of Finns born in areas that were ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II and from which the entire population was evacuated. These internally displaced persons are observed during the period 1971-2004 and compared with people born in the same region but on the adjacent side of the new border. We find that in the 1970s and 1980s, the forced migrants had mortality rates that were on par with those of people in the comparison group. In the late 1980s, the mortality risk of internally displaced men increased by 20% in relation to the expected time trend. This deviation, which manifests particularly in cardiovascular mortality, coincides with perestroika and the demise of the Soviet Union, which were events that resulted in an intense debate in civil society about restitution of the ceded areas. Because state actors were reluctant to engage, the debate declined after some few years, and after the mid-1990s, the death risk again approached the long-term trend. Our findings indicate that when internally displaced persons must adjust to situations for which appropriate coping behaviors are unknown, psychosocial stress might arise several decades after their evacuation.     

17世纪前期喀尔喀右翼在西藏的活动

本文主要依据<五世达赖喇嘛传><清内阁蒙古堂档>等藏、蒙文史料,通过考察喀尔喀右翼的关键性人物阿海岱青和温布额尔德尼珲台吉在西藏的活动,探究17世纪前期喀尔喀右翼与西藏关系的历史原貌.指出在喀尔喀左翼土谢图汗部崛起之前,喀尔喀右翼在与西藏的关系中扮演着主要角色这一以往蒙藏关系研究中所忽视的史实,揭示了17世纪前期在西藏复杂的政局中蒙藏关系发展的另一端.     

Evaluation case histories as a parallel to legal case histories: Accumulating knowledge and experience in the evaluation profession

Legal case histories are a basic and essential part of the law. It is proposed that evaluation case histories would be valuable to the evaluation profession in that they would serve both to accumulate knowledge and experience and as examples of how to do evaluations. Part I of the paper is a discussion of the nature, place and use of case histories in law. The format of a reported case, the use of cases by attorneys and how case decisions are reported and categorized are also discussed. Part II of the paper tries to envision the nature and use of evaluation case histories as a parallel to legal case histories. Matters discussed include the possible function and use of evaluation case histories, the difference between an evaluation report and an evaluation case history, information an evaluation case history could contain, and how case histories might be reported and categorized.     

Application of hybrid framework to facilitate lean six sigma implementation: a manufacturing company case experience

This study aims to propose a hybrid framework for lean six sigma (LSS) based on the prioritisation of barriers and solution approaches, to facilitate hassles free applications for handling the challenges of wastes reduction and quality improvement. The study identifies 27 LSS barriers and 22 solution approaches through literature review and utilises feedback from industry experts. For framework, study uses fuzzy AHP-PROMETHEE to prioritise LSS barriers and solution approaches. Incorporating fuzzy sets in analytical hierarchy process (AHP) ensures the optimality of barrier weights. Whereas, preference ranking organisation method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) helps in pairwise comparisons of solution approaches with respect to each LSS barrier, facilitating fair judgements. This research guides regarding the development of framework and checks its suitability and robustness through case application of an Indian manufacturing organisation. Authors expect that researchers and practitioners will find study useful for LSS and multi criteria decision making(MCDM) domains.     

Information Asymmetries in the Hiring Process and the Risk of New Leader Dismissal: Insights from English Premier League Soccer Organizations

Why are some new leaders dismissed more quickly than others? Adopting agency theory logic, the authors examine how different succession contexts shape boards’ information asymmetries about a potential candidate's competencies in the hiring process, which influences the propensity of making poor hiring decisions and hence the risk of new leader dismissal. Employing duration analysis on a sample of 164 newly appointed leaders in the English premier league (1996–2014), the authors find that the risk of new leader dismissal is: (i) greater when the predecessor leader's exit was initiated by them rather than by the board; (ii) greater when following a longer‐tenured predecessor; and (iii) lower for outside successions compared with inside successions.