从罗马万民法到WTO规则--对法律的普遍主义要素的历史考察

古代罗马法有着市民法和万民法之分,其中万民法代表了罗马法的普遍主义要素.它对于欧洲中世纪的教会法、罗马法以及商人法等具有普遍主义要素的法律产生了重要影响.但是在近代主权国家形成以后,法律的普遍主义要素受到全面否定.以国家主权为基础的国际法和各国国家法构成了严格的法律一元体系.第二次世界大战以来,在国际贸易和经济全球化的浪潮之下,国际贸易惯例以及统一实体法条约等为代表的法律普遍主义要素开始复活.WTO的建立和WTO规则的实施,实际上构成了一个完整的世界性统一法律规则.这标志着既存的以国家主权为核心的法律一元体系开始让位于体现国家主义和普遍主义两大要素的法律多元体系.因此从法律史上看,WTO规则可以说是当今时代的万民法.     

“管理沟通”课在提高大学生人际交往能力中的作用

文章从新时期对大学生综合素质要求较高的背景着手,介绍了“管理沟通”课在提高学生理解他人的能力、培养学生的倾听素质以及提高学生的冲突处理能力等方面的具体做法和所取得的初步成效,认为开设具有跨学科性质的公共选修课是提高大学生综合素质的有效途径。     

浅谈数字电视的数据压缩技术

数据压缩技术是数字电视的核心技术。本文从数字电视的数据压缩的必要性,数据压缩编码的客观依据,数字电视的信源编码、信道编码方法,数字电视的音、视频编码的国际标准等方面来阐述数字电视的数据压缩技术。     

早期西夏语文学研究概述

1931年苏联杰出的西夏学者Н.А.聂历山首次对国际西夏学研究的早期历史作了简要回顾,全面介绍了19世纪末20世纪初各国西夏学研究的重要成果,对西夏文字的创制、构成、发音、推广及其重要辞书、文献,尤其对西夏文释读作出重大贡献的《掌中珠》都作了生动有趣的描述。对我们了解西夏研究历史,总结前辈学人的经验教训,借鉴和完善方法理论,促进西夏研究的繁荣有着重要意义。现据《西夏语文学》译出,希望能为学界提供一些有价值的线索。     

Outcome Expectancies and Risk Behaviors in Maltreated Adolescents

This study examined positive and negative outcome expectancies for risk behaviors, and their association with engagement in risk behaviors, in a sample of 149 maltreated adolescents. “Outcome Expectancies” are evaluative social cognitions about what will occur as a consequence of one's actions. Risk behaviors and outcome expectancies for substance use, sexual behavior, and delinquency were assessed. In all regression models, positive expectancies were significantly related to risk behaviors while negative expectancies, with one exception, were not significantly related. In three of four regression models, significant interactions were found between positive and negative expectancies in predicting risk behaviors. The nature of the interaction differed by type of risk behavior. Beyond demonstrating associations between outcome expectancies and risk behaviors in a maltreated sample, this paper contributes to the study of social information processing by demonstrating significant interactions between positive and negative expectancies.     

A tale of two regions: Novgorod and Pskov as models of symbolic development

Russian regions display remarkably different patterns of economic and political development. These differences come into sharp focus when comparing two nearly identical northwestern regions, Novgorod and Pskov. Novgorod's success and Pskov's failure are attributed to the local elite's creative use of key cultural symbols and myths to support regional development. Contrasting two popular approaches to culture and development—“cultural adjustment” and “cultural congruence”—the author argues that the cultural congruence model, adopted by Novgorod, dramatically improves the chances for rapid social and economic transformation.     

海外港口、产业及港城联动发展研究

文章研究了海外港口、产业与城市国际化、现代化发展的互动促进关系,探讨了香港、台湾高雄港和新加坡港以港促业、以港兴市的成功之路,指出了宁波在以港口优势带动产业发展中,重视港口科技进步,加强港口技术改造、重点发展集装箱转运与相关港口产业、实施北仑港与保税区合一和“一港两制”、推行加工区准自由贸易特区政策等对策及其对加快宁波建设现代化国际集装箱中转枢纽大港的现实意义。     

汉字阐释与图腾崇拜

在《说文解字》的字义体系中保存了大量先民图腾崇拜的文化信息,我们在进行文字阐释时,应该将文化传统与文字的内部属性结合起来,才能进行完整的、准确的汉字阐释。     

Income, Environmental Disamenity, and Toxic Releases

The literature argues that income growth leads to increased demand for environmental quality and thus reduction in pollution. Using a utility theoretic model, we hypothesize that the income–pollution relationship should depend on the level of disamenity of the pollutant. We proxy for disamenity using the toxicity of releases. For counties in the United States, the functional relationship between income and releases depends on the level of disamenity: the form is more concave for more toxic releases. We find that environmental improvements occur at lower levels of per capita income for more toxic pollutants.