关于宗教对话的理论思考

宗教是由对终极者的信仰所激发,以之为核心又与之相适应的情感体验、思想观念、行为活动和组织制度的象征体系。姑且不论实际存在的种种宗教作为人间的体系,有以次终极为终极而沦为准宗教或伪宗教的可能,有背离自身的信仰核心或与之不相适应而“世俗化”甚至“伪滥”腐化的可能。仅就其符合上述宗教定义的情况而言,任何宗教顶多也就是带有人的种种局限性的象征体系,它可以部分地表达,但不能完全地表达信仰对象,它与信仰核心的适应只是相对的,它是不能也不应该与它所象征的对象或其信仰对象相等同的。任何宗教总要以其信仰对象为绝对,但它绝不应该以自身为绝对,因为象征体系并不是被象征者。如果说被象征者或绝对者是唯一的,那么象征者或相对者就一定是多样的,因为内在无限丰富的绝对者需要外在无限丰富的相对者来表现。所以结论只能是:第一,实际存在着的各宗教都不能自视为绝对;第二,宗教的多元状态是正常的;第三,非绝对的各宗教当然就是可以相互比较、相互交流、相互学习的,是应该彼此开放并对其他思想开放的。而所有这些的前提,就是认识到宗教的象征性和与之相连的相对性。由于宗教在文化中所处的根本地位,在文化对话中,宗教对话显然带有根本的性质;由于宗教冲突与族际国际冲突的关联,在今日世界上,宗教对话已日益具有紧迫的性质。在这种情况下,由于普通信众对自己的宗教信条的象征性质的忽略而造成的执着或狂热,会形成妨碍宗教对话的基础深厚的重大障碍,这就对理论思考,不论是宗教界还是学术界的理论思考,提出了重大的挑战。     

Clinical gait and stepping performance measures in older adults

Problems with ambulation and mobility are frequent problems in older adults. Each year, about one in 100 older adults develops new severe mobility disability. Assessment of abnormal gait constitutes a major component of clinical practice and may lead to fall reduction. Clinicians can benefit from simple gait and mobility assessment tools to be used in busy clinical settings. This review focuses on gait and stepping performance measures that can be used by the busy clinician to assess gait, mobility performance, balance, and falls risk in the older adult.     

Objective Testing Procedures in Linear Models: Calibration of the p-values

Abstract.  An optimal Bayesian decision procedure for testing hypothesis in normal linear models based on intrinsic model posterior probabilities is considered. It is proven that these posterior probabilities are simple functions of the classical F -statistic, thus the evaluation of the procedure can be carried out analytically through the frequentist analysis of the posterior probability of the null. An asymptotic analysis proves that, under mild conditions on the design matrix, the procedure is consistent. For any testing hypothesis it is also seen that there is a one-to-one mapping – which we call calibration curve – between the posterior probability of the null hypothesis and the classical bi p -value. This curve adds substantial knowledge about the possible discrepancies between the Bayesian and the p -value measures of evidence for testing hypothesis. It permits a better understanding of the serious difficulties that are encountered in linear models for interpreting the p -values. A specific illustration of the variable selection problem is given.     

集对同一度分析在房地产上市公司竞争力的综合评价的应用

集对分析(SPA,Set Pair Analysis)是对不确定复杂系统进行定量分析的有效方法。其联系度简捷有效地表示了集对的确定与不确定关系,为解决多属性决策问题提供了新的思路,在处理多目标决策问题的投入、产出最优化模型等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文将通过集对分析模型对房地产上市公司竞争力的综合评价进行实证研究,对公司的综合竞争力进行评估,为上市公司提高效率和投资者提供数据参考。     

县域土地资源可持续利用系统动态仿真决策模型研究

从区域可持续发展理论出发 ,以系统动力学的理论与方法为系统分析和建模的主要方法 ,通过对县域人口、经济、环境与土地资源四者组成的开放的复杂系统分析 ,建立了土地资源利用系统主要因果关系图和土地资源利用动态流程图 ,并且构建了DYNAMO动态仿真模型 ,通过计算机实现了土地资源利用系统的政策分析和动态模拟 ,得出优化方案。     

Archaeology and World-Systems Theory

Archaeology has tremendous potential for developing world-systems approaches to non-Western and noncapitalist societies because it has the ability to both explore non-Western and noncapitalist societies with the sophistication of anthropology and to explore societies in existence long before the capitalist world-system began to evolve. I suggest that sociologists stand to gain by learning about non-Western and noncapitalist societies, particularly as they are understood by archaeologists. World-systems theory provides a common framework within which archaeologists and sociologists can both work. This article explores recent work in world-systems archaeology that sociologists might find particularly valuable.     

论抗战中文化知识界的农民动员

抗战爆发后,文化知识界自觉担当起农民动员的重任,“到农村去”由战前的一般性号召瞬间走向高潮。文化知识界的农民动员,一是直接到农村从事宣传组织工作,以抗战初期最有声势和最为集中;一是与乡村民主政治相联系,体认农民疾苦和反映农民愿望,呼吁实行必要的改革以激励农民奋起,这在1939年后尤其成为文化知识界关注农村、动员农民的主要形式。文化知识界的农民动员富有多方面的意义,他们唤起了广大农民群众,增进了对现实和政党的认识,带动了政治与社会关系的变化,实际发挥了民族民主意识的传播者、抗战力量的动员者、农村政治的批评者、农村文化的组织者和农民利益的代言人等多重作用。农村动员对知识分子的思想转变与中国政治态势的变化,也产生了重要的影响。     

用新的理念推动现代农牧业发展

本文通过对我国现代农牧业的发展历程、趋势及基本特征的分析,结合我市农牧业发展现状、条件、机遇和制约因素,对我市如何推动现代农牧业发展提出自已的一些看法。