LEGISLATING COMMONS: THE NAVAJO TRIBAL COUNCIL AND THE NAVAJO RANGE

The article argues that chronic overgrazing on the Navajo Reservation is the result of policies of the BIA and the Tribal Council. In support of that hypothesis the paper outlines the nature of property rights to grazing land on the Reservation. It shows that BIA and Tribal Council actions have led to the proliferation of small herds since 1933. Small herds increase the resource costs of establishing and enforcing property rights, and they increase the political costs of requiring compliance with grazing rules. Statistical tests reveal a close relationship between herd size and overstocking of the range. The paper concludes that in the absence of the constraints of a private property system, it may be necessary for an outside agency to regulate grazing to avoid the problem of the Commons.     

Success and interpersonal touch in a competitive setting

Early observations of interpersonal touch among American adults have revealed rates of touch well below that of many European and Latin American countries. Conclusions drawn from these results, however, mandate caution since touch has been shown to be affected by age, gender, race, and setting. Observation of mens' televised sports has revealed that high rates of touch often follow a successful performance. The present study attempted to quantify touch within a mixed-gender, competitive setting in both black and white subcultures. Interpersonal touch following a success and otherwise occurring was observed among bowlers during league play. Overall rates of touch were much higher than those reported for other public settings. High rates of touch following a success were reported only for blacks. Unlike previous studies females initiated cross-gender touch as often as did males.     

Rationality and Freedom: Weber and Beyond*

In the tradition of German social thought from Kant and Hegel through Toennies and Simmel, the development of rationality in modern Europe is associated with an increase of human freedom. Weber's work departs from that tradition by providing an incomparably differentiated framework for the analysis of rationality and by associating modern European rationalization with a curtailment of freedom. More careful examination of Weber's oeuvre, however, indicates that he, too, connected rationalization with the growth of freedom in many respects. His amended argument remains valuable today, although ways in which it stands to be improved by incorporating subsequent analyses are suggested.     

一种评估光学系统焦深范围的方法

本文提出绘制特征孔径的子午和弧矢场曲曲线的方法,用以控制各种象差的平衡,达到纵观光学系统焦深范围的目的。     

长株潭一体化呼唤文化融合

如何推进长株潭一体化,是关乎湖南发展、中部崛起的一个战略问题.近年来人们大多是从经济、行政等方面来思考对策,但很少有人关注文化在长株潭一体化中的地位和作用.     

Three-step estimation in linear mixed models with skew-t distributions

Linear mixed models based on the normality assumption are widely used in health related studies. Although the normality assumption leads to simple, mathematically tractable, and powerful tests, violation of the assumption may easily invalidate the statistical inference. Transformation of variables is sometimes used to make normality approximately true. In this paper we consider another approach by replacing the normal distributions in linear mixed models by skew-t distributions, which account for skewness and heavy tails for both the random effects and the errors. The full likelihood-based estimator is often difficult to use, but a 3-step estimation procedure is proposed, followed by an application to the analysis of deglutition apnea duration in normal swallows. The example shows that skew-t models often entail more reliable inference than Gaussian models for the skewed data.     

Analysis of the relationship between air pollution and asthma

In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to methods for analyzing longitudinal data. A review of some of the issues surrounding the use of regression analysis is undertaken as they relate to a study of the health effects of air pollution in a group of asthmatics. Daily diary recordings of hours with asthma symptoms are found to be positively related to the daily mean concentration of total reduced sulphur as well as to the daily intake of nonsteroidal drug medication. This finding is corroborated using three different statistical models.     

水中痕量汞（Ⅱ）的快速测定

依据痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）对Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６~（４－）－α，α＇－联吡啶配体交换反应的催化作用，建立了快速测定痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的停流流动注射分析法，引入硫脲作活化剂可显著提高测定的灵敏度。线性范围为０～７５ｎｇ／ｍＬ，方法检测限为０．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ。Ａｇ（Ⅰ）严重干扰测定，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、ＣＯ（Ⅱ）以及Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）对测定有轻度干扰，其余大部分常见共存离子不影响测定。用本法测定了水中的汞含量，结果满意。