Allocation of research and development funds: A zero-one goal programming approach

The research and development project selection process is one of the most difficult and important problems faced by management. It is typically complicated by indivisibility of projects and multiple and conflicting objectives, in addition to limitations on funding, facilities, and qualified researchers. In this paper a case example involving a high technology electrical equipment manufacturer is developed to illustrate this problem using zero—one goal programming to accommodate indivisibility of projects in addition to multiple and conflicting goals. The model presented is an attempt to provide managers with a robust tool for allocating scarce resources among research and development projects.     

THE USE OF CORRELATION IN LARGE SAMPLES

The asymptotic relative efficiency of Kendall's and Spearman's coefficients of rank correlation are considered for samples from a bivariate normal distribution and comments are made on the calculation of their variances. For large samples it is suggested that one should use mean values of the coefficients calculated by splitting the sample into a fairly large number of smaller samples. This reduces the amount of calculation required and the asymptotic relative efficiency of this procedure is found both for ρ= 0 and ρ≠ 0.     

Output planning for material requirements under uncertainty

This paper considers a production planning and control system requiring that, for each work station, a time-phased series of input and output values be estimated. It is assumed that the projected input levels can vary significantly across time periods and that anticipated output levels can be determined by management, subject to limits specified by available manpower and subcontracting. The actual input and output levels for each period depart from the planned levels according to a probability distribution determined empirically. An approach is presented that allows management to evaluate a chosen set of output levels to determine the probability that sufficient amounts of work will be available at a work station each period.     

Residuals for directional data *

Various types of residual are proposed for use with directional data. Asymptotic distributions are given for large sample sizes and for concentrated error distributions. A form of residual plot is suggested and is illustrated with some practical examples.     

A typology of adolescent runaways

No single program seems adequate to serve a highly complex adolescent runaway and homeless youth population. A service program must have many components with each part addressing the needs of a specific and different population. This paper presents a typology of runaway behavior which has three categories. These categories distinguish among runaway and homeless youth by reference to their family situation, psychological characteristics, and length of time out of home. The implications for intervention that follow from these categories are discussed.former Bush fellow at the University of California, Los Angeles.