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31.
Guy S. Goodwin‐Gill 《The International migration review》2001,35(1):130-142
By the end of the year 2000, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees will have been in existence for 50 years – which is probably some sort of record for an organization originally set up with just a three‐year mandate. There were many reasons for so limiting the successor agency to the International Refugee Organization, but it is doubtful whether anyone seriously thought that refugee problems would be resolved so quickly, or indeed that UNHCR would develop into the highly operational, visible and extensively funded entity that we see today. Fifty years of experience nevertheless suggests that it is high time for an audit, for an evaluation of strengths, weaknesses and achievements, and a little strategic thinking about the future. 相似文献
32.
This article describes the development and validation of the Governance Self‐Assessment Checklist (GSAC). The GSAC was designed to assist boards of directors of nonprofit and public sector organizations to identify strengths and weaknesses in the governance of their organizations, educate board members about the essentials of good governance, and improve their governance practices. The instrument comprises 144 items organized into twelve subscales. The results of the study indicated that the subscales have excellent internal consistency reliability, exhibit good criterion‐related validity, and are able to discriminate between stronger and weaker aspects of board functioning. The relative strengths and weaknesses in board effectiveness were identified, and the implications of the findings for the assessment of board effectiveness and field applications of the GSAC were discussed. 相似文献
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34.
In this paper we examine maximum likelihood estimation procedures in multilevel models for two level nesting structures. Usually,
for fixed effects and variance components estimation, level-one error terms and random effects are assumed to be normally
distributed. Nevertheless, in some circumstances this assumption might not be realistic, especially as concerns random effects.
Thus we assume for random effects the family of multivariate exponential power distributions (MEP); subsequently, by means
of Monte Carlo simulation procedures, we study robustness of maximum likelihood estimators under normal assumption when, actually,
random effects are MEP distributed. 相似文献
35.
David L. Blustein Alexandra C. Kenna Nadia Gill Julia E. DeVoy 《The Career development quarterly》2008,56(4):294-308
The authors present the psychology‐of‐working perspective (D. L. Blustein, 2006; N. Peterson & R. C. González, 2005; M. S. Richardson, 1993) as an alternative to traditional career development theories, which have primarily explored the lives of those with choice and volition in their working lives. The major historical and conceptual features of the psychology of working are reviewed, with a focus on how this framework provides a more inclusive and, ideally, more just vision for the career counseling field. Implications for career counseling and a case presentation are provided to examine how this new perspective can inform counseling practice. A brief overview of public policy implications concludes the article. 相似文献
36.
Resilience and Survival: Black Teenage Mothers ‘Looked After’ by the State Tell their Stories About their Experience of Care
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‘Looked after’ young people are among the most disadvantaged members of our society. While their disadvantaged status should not be ignored, poor outcomes are often emphasised at the expense of good ones. This article reports a study that adopts the concept of resilience to understand the narratives of the participants’ experience of care and foster care. A total of 15 young mothers, aged 16–19 and mainly from black African backgrounds, were interviewed. Despite lacking a ‘secure base’, informants invested in a sense of moral identity and a source of self‐directedness, which enabled them to move from victim of circumstances to individuals who overcome their circumstances. 相似文献
37.
38.
Flora Gill 《The Australian journal of social issues》1990,25(2):83-102
This paper defines a minimal set of conditions which must be satisfied by any system purporting to be guided by a notion of social justice with a significant egalitarian element. The aim is to distinguish between egalitarian concern on the one hand and mere alms-giving sentiment on the other. Taking a broad historical span, the paper shows that, rhetoric apart, the empirical data does not support the claim that egalitarian concerns have played an effective role in determining the value of the real wage for the low-paid worker. In reality, the fate of low wages appears to have been determined by little more than an alms-giving sentiment. This has implications not only for current debates over labour market reform but also for social welfare policies in general. This is especially so because of the close affinity between the base Award rate and the evaluation of the ‘poverty line’. Attention to the Award wage of the low-paid worker, the paper argues, is all the more urgent in the current economic climate when an increasing proportion of workers are likely to be trapped in low paying jobs for very long periods and possibly indefinitely. 相似文献
39.
A conceptual analysis is offered that differentiates four types of motivation for community involvement: egoism, altruism, collectivism, and principlism. Differentiation is based on identification of a unique ultimate goal for each motive. For egoism, the ultimate goal is to increase one's own welfare; for altruism, it is to increase the welfare of another individual or individuals; for collectivism, to increase the welfare of a group; and for principlism, to uphold one or more moral principles. As sources of community involvement, each of these four forms of motivation has its strengths; each also has its weaknesses. More effective efforts to stimulate community involvement may come from strategies that orchestrate motives so that the strengths of one motive can overcome weaknesses of another. Among the various possibilities, strategies that combine appeals to either altruism or collectivism with appeals to principle may be especially promising. 相似文献
40.
Gill Bottomley 《The Australian journal of social issues》1988,23(3):169-183
Over the last 15 years or so, a number of writers have undertaken critical analyses of Australian immigration that have challenged prevailing social science paradigms and raised issues of the representation of social and power relations in a very diverse society. These analyses have located Australian immigration within the context of international capitalism, exploring class segmentation and solidarity, the relation between policies and practice and questions of racism and nationalism. 相似文献