功能性能分离的可信服务构件模型

为了向分布式实时嵌入式系统(DRES)的运行过程提供可信保障服务,方便上层应用程序的开发,提出了一种针对DRES的可信构件服务模型QUOCCM。该模型将系统功能实现与性能确保分离开,把应用程序的性能确保模块抽象成通用的服务确保构件,为运行于动态环境下的应用程序提供自适应的可信保障服务。该文以一个模拟实现的飞行控制系统验证了QUOCCM模型的可行性和灵活性。     

英语专业学生写作错误僵化现象研究

通过对大学英语专业专科三个年级699份同一作文题目下的语言错误进行统计分析和师生的半结构化访谈,研究发现：母语思维迁移和文化距离是导致僵化的主要原因,汉语思维和认知经验对英语学习有着不可避免的影响,这一发现与创造性建构理论认为在中介语发展过程中目标语的习得不受母语影响的观点不一致;肯定性反馈有时会成为僵化的诱因,否定性反馈会引起学生对错误的＂注意＂,使错误处于不断被提醒被纠正的活动状态,因而不易导致僵化;随着大量真实地道可理解的目的语输入和真诚纠错的策略运用,僵化错误可以得到缓解和纠正。     

转型发展的初始条件和约束条件及其路径选择

通过采用文献分析等方法,提出实现在转型中发展是转型国家的目标,但转型国家在转型时期表现出经济绩效的差异性,而这种差异性是受各国转型之时的初始条件和约束条件的影响造成的.因此,初始条件和约束条件产生的各种影响迫使改革设计者必须在考虑它们的前提下,周密制定每个转型阶段的转型任务,帮助国家实现转型成功.经过30多年的转型发展,中国经济转型的初始条件和约束务件发生了重大变化,根据这些新变化,在后转型时代中国经济的转型和发展需要重新进行路径选择.     

社会资本之长臂:日常交流获取工作信息对地位获得的影响

社会资本的能量是通过多种运用方式来发挥其在劳动力市场中对地位获得的提升作用的--我们可称之为社会资本的长臂,包括在找工作过程中动用社会关系及其资源这种看得见的方式,以及在日常社会交流中获得工作信息这种不是很显而易见的方式;在社会经济方面占据优势地位群体中的成员更容易在日常交流中获取较好的工作信息,因而可以获取并向网络成员提供有关好工作的信息;那些没有占据优势地位群体中的成员,主动发掘和动用社会关系变成了可行的另一途径;两种运用方式均对劳动力市场中的地位获得有不同程度的提升作用;进而通过对一个有关在职美国人的全国性样本的实证分析,发现即使控制了其他相关因素后,社会资本仍然发挥着重要作用.     

可充电电池的制备及性能测定——综合设计性实验的教学实践

对可充电电池的制备及性能测定综合设计性实验课的教学设计、组织和效果评价等进行了介绍.教学实践表明,该实验可使学生在包括电化学概念理解、文献资料搜集、电池设计和材料选择等诸多方面的能力得到提高,是一个很好的综合设计性实验教学题材.     

科塔宾斯基的实践哲学思想述评

科塔宾斯基是20世纪上半叶波兰最具影响力的哲学家、逻辑学家,被誉为“波兰的苏格拉底”。他分别从快乐、效率和道德三个角度出发对人类行动进行了系统的研究,创立了“指导人的精神生活的理论”——实践哲学。该理论不仅试图在理论意义上对人类行动进行指导,同时还要尽可能使这些关于如何行动的建议在现实实践中切实可行。作为试图扭转传统西方哲学中理论定向的研究倾向的为数不多的哲学思潮之一,科塔宾斯基的实践哲学对于促进现代哲学在“大方向”上摆脱重思辨轻实践的哲学传统、回归现实生活世界具有重要的意义。     

再论马克思主义是关于人的解放和人的全面发展的学说

关于马克思主义的性质,过去众说纷纭,有阶级斗争说、无产阶级革命和无产阶级专政说、建设共产主义社会说、实事求是说。我们认为,这些都是从手段层面来定义马克思主义的。不久前,我们曾发表了《马克思主义是关于人的解放和人的全面发展的学说》一文,写了三个问题：劳动异化和人的解放;人的全面发展和人;是生产者,又是享用者^[1]。拟就现实的具体的人,是马克思主义的出发点和归宿点、现实的具体的人,是马克思主义的核心、马克思主义的任务在于探索人的解放运动的客观规律等问题,进一步阐述马克思主义是在生产力高度发展的前提下关于人的解放和人的全面发展的学说。     

The elites’ collective subjectivities of the history of ethnic politics in Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is one of the multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious countries in Southeast Asia. Due to the pluralistic nature of Malaysia, it has a political structure based on ethnic politics. The ethnic preferential policies affected most domains of this country. The objective of this article is to examine the origin and background of ethnic politics in Malaysia. Findings of this study indicate that, ethnic politics originated during the British colonial period, it became a tool used by the Barisan Nasional for the legitimacy of regime. Moreover, ethnic politics in Malaysia today is intertwined with religion. Besides, there is the dilemma of the choice between the interest of certain ethnic group and national interests. However, with the opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan won the election in 9th May, UMNO-led BN lost power and interrupted its 61 years control, which leaves us an interesting topic to think about the future of Malaysian ethnic politics.     

An Ecological Model for Quantitative Risk Assessment for Schistosomiasis: The Case of a Patchy Environment in the Coastal Tropical Area of Northeastern Brazil

We developed a stochastic model for quantitative risk assessment for the Schistosoma mansoni (SM) parasite, which causes an endemic disease of public concern. The model provides answers in a useful format for public health decisions, uses data and expert opinion, and can be applied to any landscape where the snail Biomphalaria glabrata is the main intermediate host (South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa). It incorporates several realistic and case‐specific features: stage‐structured parasite populations, periodic praziquantel (PZQ) drug treatment for humans, density dependence, extreme events (prolonged rainfall), site‐specific sanitation quality, environmental stochasticity, monthly rainfall variation, uncertainty in parameters, and spatial dynamics. We parameterize the model through a real‐world application in the district of Porto de Galinhas (PG), one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil, where previous studies identified four parasite populations within the metapopulation. The results provide a good approximation of the dynamics of the system and are in agreement with our field observations, i.e., the lack of basic infrastructure (sanitation level and health programs) makes PG a suitable habitat for the persistence and growth of a parasite metapopulation. We quantify the risk of SM metapopulation explosion and quasi‐extinction and the time to metapopulation explosion and quasi‐extinction. We evaluate the sensitivity of the results under varying scenarios of future periodic PZQ treatment (based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health's plan) and sanitation quality. We conclude that the plan might be useful to slow SM metapopulation growth but not to control it. Additional investments in better sanitation are necessary.     

Unraveling quantity discounts

We consider the situation in which a buying organization deals with a discrete quantity discount schedule offered by a selling organization. Furthermore, the buying organization can negotiate with the selling organization about the lot size and purchase price, but does not know the underlying function that was used by the selling organization to determine the quantity discount schedule. In this paper, we provide an analytical and empirical basis for one general quantity discount function (QDF) that can be used to describe the underlying function of almost all different quantity discount types. We first develop such a QDF analytically. Among other things, this QDF enables buying organizations to calculate detailed prices for a large number of quantities. We subsequently show that the QDF fits very well with 66 discount schedules found in practice. We discuss that the QDF and related indicators can be a useful tool in supplier selection and negotiation processes. It can also be used for competitive analyses, multiple sourcing decisions, and allocating savings for purchasing groups. Additionally, the QDF can be included in research models incorporating quantity discounts. We conclude the paper with an outlook on further QDF research regarding the characterization of commodity markets from a demand elasticity point of view.