Passive versus active parental permission in school-based survey research: does the type of permission affect prevalence estimates of risk behaviors?

This study investigates whether the type of parental permission affects prevalence estimates for risk behaviors from the national 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants were 13,195 students from 143 schools, of which 65% used passive permission and 35% active permission. Student participation rates were 86.7% in passive permission schools and 77.3% in active permission schools. For 24 of 26 behaviors tested, no significant differences were seen in the prevalence of risk behavior by type of parental permission. As long as high response rates are obtained, type of parental permission does not affect prevalence estimates for risk behaviors that are based on self-report.     

让价值理念行之有效

如何让你的价值陈述带来更多商业价值?最近,阿斯本研究所与博思管理咨询公司联合进行的全球经理人调查显示,九成的公司都制定过价值陈述。但正如调查所表明的那样。是否拥有价值陈述书,与能否用其提高业绩完全是两码事。某些企业的价值陈述注定要躺在CEO的抽屉中无人问津,而有些企业     

Psychiatric comorbidity in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with the development of numerous adult mental disorders. Women with a history of CSA were surveyed concerning their abuse experience and prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders. The 63 women in the low morbidity cluster had a mean of 1.02 disorders. The 11 women in the moderate morbidity cluster had a mean of 2.36 disorders. The 16 women in the severe morbidity cluster had a mean of 4.75 disorders. Childhood family environment and CSA during preschool years were important predictors of morbidity cluster membership.     

Leaving home: Living arrangements of young people in six west-European countries

The timing with which young people leave their parents' home is a critical element in household formation rates. Direct data on this transition are scarce. Information on the current living arrangements of 16–24 year-olds collected in a 1982 EEC Survey provides some insights. The data suggest quite large cross-national variations in the timing of leaving home and particularly marked differences in the living arrangements of young people. Reasons for the variation, particularly housing-market differences, are postulated.     

The legal consequences for children born of chemically dependent mothers

The justice system has witnessed the negative consequences of chemical abuse. Infants are especially vulnerable to harm as a result of maternal drug use. This article uses a legal perspective to examine the conflict between maternal and fetal rights and reviews selected decisions and laws designed to protect children from maternal drug use. It advocates a policy of state intervention in order to protect children from the damage which can accompany maternal chemical use.     

Information,ancillarity, and sufficiency in the presence of nuisance parameters

The Fisher information about parameters of interest (P-information) is invariant with respect to nuisance parameters, and induces an information inequality associated with likelihood factorization. This information inequality provides a natural basis for measuring information loss due to using only a sublikelihood function for inference. In contrast with the global reparametrization of some previous concepts in the literature, the concepts of P-ancillarity and P-sufficiency proposed in this article are characterized by the notion of no pointwise information loss with respect to the parameters of interest. A conditional version of P-sufficiency is also proposed. The asymptotic efficiency of likelihood inference under P-ancillarity or P-sufficiency is outlined.     

Sexual activity among never-married men in northern Thailand

We use data collected in 1991 to investigate sexual activity among never-married men in Thailand, with a focus on age at first intercourse, characteristics of sexual partners, and conditions under which men visit prostitutes. We sampled men from a broad spectrum of northern Thai society, including university undergraduates, soldiers, and semiskilled/unskilled workers. We found that except for the students, the majority of each subsample is sexually experienced; prostitutes are the most common type of sexual partner for all groups. Alcohol consumption is associated with several measures of sexual activity. Condom use with prostitutes varies among the subsamples. Among men who have both prostitute and nonprostitute partners, the majority of those who do not use condoms with prostitutes also do not use condoms with their nonprostitute partners. We consider the implications of these results for the AIDS epidemic in Thailand.