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81.
Pierre–André Chiappori Natalia Radchenko Bernard Salanié 《Review of Economics of the Household》2018,16(3):833-858
Empirical studies on the determinants of divorce are scarce in economics. The literature has focused on the impact of income differentials between partners. We extend the model of marital dissolution to integrate time-varying non-pecuniary quality of the match. We use a unique Russian dataset to measure shocks to the non-economic components of the value of marriage. Our estimates suggest that the monetary and non-monetary components enter additively into marriage surplus, but with gender-specific marginal rates of substitution: divorce hazard is more sensitive to the non-pecuniary dissatisfaction of the wife than to that of the husband; impacts of the monetary components are also gender-specific and highly non-linear. We link these findings to remarriage prospects and partial risk sharing. 相似文献
82.
Narváez Andrea E. Ghia Taryn Moretta-Urdiales M. Mar Moreira Natalia Molina 《Urban Ecosystems》2020,23(6):1371-1376
Urban Ecosystems - To maintain a stable population, an introduced species must be capable of exploiting varied resources and adapting to environmental conditions different from its native range.... 相似文献
83.
84.
Natalia Vanetik 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2012,24(4):526-539
Given an undirected graph G=(N,E), a subset T of its nodes and an undirected graph (T,S), G and (T,S) together are often called a network. A?collection of paths in G whose end-pairs lie in S is called an integer multiflow. When these paths are allowed to have fractional weight, under the constraint that the total weight of the paths traversing a single edge does not exceed 1, we have a fractional multiflow in G. The problems of finding the maximum weight of paths with end-pairs in S over all fractional multiflows in G is called the fractional path packing problem. In 1989, A. Karzanov had defined the fractionality of the fractional path packing problem for a class of networks {G,(T,S)} as the smallest natural D such that for any network from the class, the fractional path packing problem has a solution which becomes integer-valued when multiplied by D (see A.?Karzanov in Linear Algebra Appl. 114–115:293–328, 1989). He proved that the fractional path packing problem has infinite fractionality outside a very specific class of networks, and conjectured that within this class, the fractionality does not exceed 4. A.?Karzanov also proved that the fractionality of the path packing problem is at most 8 by studying the fractionality of the dual problem. Special cases of Karzanov’s conjecture were proved in or are implied by the works of L.R.?Ford and D.R.?Fulkerson, Y.?Dinitz, T.C.?Hu, B.V.?Cherkassky, L.?Lov?sz and H.?Hirai. We prove Karzanov’s conjecture by showing that the fractionality of the path packing problem is at most 4. Our proof is stand-alone and does not rely on Karzanov’s results. 相似文献
85.
Natalia Ruiz‐Junco 《Sociology Compass》2013,7(1):45-54
Recent literature provides evidence that emotions are intrinsic to the constitution of social movements. The present review examines how scholars theorize emotions in their empirical studies and focuses on the following topics: emotion work, emotional framing, emotional cultures and emotional opportunity structures. The combination of several constructs in the analysis of emotions signals a shift toward integration of preexisting perspectives common in the field of social movements. 相似文献
86.
Nicole Ruggiano Jocelyn DeVance Taliaferro Natalia Shtompel 《Journal of Community Practice》2013,21(3):263-281
Participation in coalitions has been identified as a policy advocacy behavior for nonprofit organizations, although few studies have examined nonprofit leaders’ perceptions of coalition building as a strategy for lobbying. This study conducted focus groups and in-person interviews with nonprofit administrators to explore how interorganizational collaboration is utilized to address their organizations’ policy advocacy goals. The findings indicate that nonprofit administrators view their participation in coalitions as a means of achieving several policy advocacy goals, including increasing their capacity to lobby and protecting them from exposure as lobbyists. Implications for practice and research are provided. 相似文献
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88.
This article analyses the results of a European ‘research and demonstration’ project promoting multifunctional and sustainable agriculture in Alpine regions through a participatory approach. It focuses in particular on initiatives undertaken by a local farmers group in the Italian Alpine area of Val di Sole, the purpose being to draw attention to the role of social dynamics in fostering sustainable rural development in a participatory context. In order to accomplish this objective, two key sociological approaches to the study of rural development, namely social capital and the sociology of translation, are considered. The former focuses on the relational capital available to a group of actors and which can be mobilised in a development initiative. The latter views change in social practices as resulting from a cycle of phases where the problem, its solution, and the identity of the actors are constantly transformed and negotiated. By contrasting the two theoretical approaches in relation to the outcomes of two specific actions implemented in the valley we suggest that the sociology of translation offers a more effective tool with which to capture the complexity of social dynamics involved in a rural development initiative. 相似文献
89.
Individuals take decisions on behalf of others in many different contexts. In this paper, we focus on lotteries with negative expected value and study if (and how) risky choices made on behalf of another person differ i) compared to decisions which do not affect anyone else, and ii) depending on the social distance between who makes the decision and who is affected by it. Our results show that social distance (i.e., whether the person affected by one’s decision is an unknown stranger or a friend) is an important determinant when people decide on behalf of others. Moreover, when deciding on behalf of a friend rather than only for themselves or a stranger, average individual behavior is closer to expected value maximization, exhibiting less risk taking. These findings suggest that responsibility for others’ outcome and the empathy gap affect the decision making process, particularly when the social distance is shortened. The results are robust to different feedback frequencies. Controlling for order effects shows that experiencing a decrease in social distance is crucial in activating this mechanism. 相似文献
90.
In the former Soviet republics of central Asia, ethnic Russians have exhibited higher adult mortality than native ethnic groups
(e.g., Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek) in spite of the higher socioeconomic status of ethnic Russians. The mortality disadvantage of
ethnic Russians at adult ages appears to have even increased since the breakup of the Soviet Union. The most common explanation
for this “Russian mortality paradox,” is that deaths are better reported among ethnic Russians. In this study, we use detailed
mortality data from Kyrgyzstan between 1959 and 1999 to evaluate various explanations for the Russian mortality paradox: data
artifacts, migration effects, and cultural effects. We find that the most plausible explanation is the cultural hypothesis
because the personal behaviors that appear to generate a large part of the observed mortality differences (alcohol consumption,
in particular) seem to be closely tied to cultural practices. We examine the implications of this finding for understanding
the health crisis in post-Soviet states. 相似文献