Schematic saturated orthogonal arrays obtained by using the contractive replacement method

This paper presents a general method of constructing schematic saturated orthogonal arrays of strength two. We consider a class of mixed saturated orthogonal arrays produced from saturated symmetric orthogonal arrays by using the contractive replacement method, study the Hamming distances of the rows, construct their association schemes, and prove that they are schematic. Some examples are given to illustrate this construction method.     

处理缺失数据的分数插补法研究

随着研究中对数据质量要求的提高,缺失数据相关问题也越来越受到重视.文章主要论述了处理缺失数据的方法之一——分数插补法的理论基础,并在此基础上研究了分数热卡插补法及其方差估计,同时使用模拟数据,对分数热卡插补法的实现过程做了模拟研究.通过对比实验,可以得到分数热卡插补法能够在保证原有数据分布的基础上,减少因插补造成的偏差,提供更加准确的插补结果.     

Plant-mycorrhizal fungi associations along an urbanization gradient: implications for tree seedling survival

Mycorrhizal fungi symbioses can be critical determining if established seedlings survive or not. Currently, in remnant forests, plants and their fungal symbionts are exposed to varied anthropomorphic effects related to urbanization, however, little is known about their impact on this association. We investigated the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and tree seedling survival along an urbanization gradient. We planted three species of temperate tree seedlings (Acer rubrum, Carya ovata, and Quercus rubra) in three landscapes: urban, suburban, and rural. We measured the percent of root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi and monitored survival during their first growing season. We analyzed mycorrhizal colonization as a function of landscape type (urban-rural) and additional variables known to contribute to mycorrhizal colonization (phosphorus, nitrogen, initial plant height). We then analyzed seedling survival as a function of the degree of mycorrhizal fungi colonization associated with the landscape gradient and of additional environmental factors (light and soil moisture). Within a species we found no changes in the levels of mycorrhizal fungi colonization across the urbanization gradient. Each species, however, had markedly different levels of colonization. Survival of A. rubrum was independent of mycorrhizal colonization, while C. ovata and Q. rubra had a significant positive response to increased mycorrhizal fungi. These findings highlight the resilience of mycorrhizal communities across the rural-urban gradient typical of this region, but they also underscore the potential sensitivity of some tree species to lower levels of mycorrhizal fungi colonization.     

Toddlers Involve Their Caregiver to Help Another Person in Need

Three experiments with 18‐ to 35‐month‐old children (n = 169) studied toddler–caregiver interactions when being confronted with another person in need. In particular, we explored whether toddlers would request their caregiver to help a needy other when they are not able to help themselves. Children observed another person who needed help to accomplish a task, but were either not able to provide help as the object was out of reach (Experiment 1) or because an obstacle prevented children from interacting with the other person (Experiments 2, 2b). The experiments revealed the same developmental trend with 2.5‐year‐olds selectively involving their caregiver to help the needy other. The results are interpreted in terms of toddlers’ motivation to see others helped and with respect to their developing ability to actively involve others to regulate their emotions.     

中国特色社会主义理论创新的历程及启示

改革开放以来,中国共产党人在将马克思主义基本原理与中国社会主义建设的实际相结合的过程中,对怎样建设、巩固和发展社会主义这一马克思主义发展史上百年探索的时代课题,进行了艰辛的探索,创立了中国特色社会主义理论体系,并第一次对它做了系统的回答。这一探索和回答的过程,是不断进行理论创新的过程。它启示我们,理论创新必须要做到坚持原则、面对时代、尊重实践,只有这样才能使中国特色社会主义事业焕发出蓬勃生机。     

Being involved in the country: Productive ageing in different types of rural communities

Productive ageing recognises the contribution of older people to economic, social and cultural growth and helps build a sustainable community. Being involved in community life is good for individuals and good for society. However, we know very little about the participation of and contribution by people aged 50 and over in rural communities. This research aimed to develop a better understanding of productive ageing in different types of communities in rural Victoria, Australia. An anonymous self-complete postal questionnaire was distributed to a sample of households in twenty rural communities using the Australia Post Unaddressed Select Service. Those householders 50 years of age and older were invited to complete the survey. Data collected allowed examination of social and civic engagement, familiarity with community, the value placed on social relations by people aged 50 years and over, and how community involvement was linked to community sustainability. In particular it attempts to address the question ‘Does social and civic engagement differ across declining, stable and growing rural communities?’ Despite differences among rural communities, this study showed that older people develop and maintain strong community connections and well-functioning social capital and that participation in social activities was associated with feelings of being connected with community. It also identified health issues and lack of options as the main constraints on participation. A key message for policy makers is that older people play an important role in the sustainability of rural communities. There is much to be gained from actively supporting their participation in activities that are connected to ageing well.     

试论霍布斯设计的现代政教体制

本文通过分析托马斯·霍布斯在《利维坦》和《比希莫斯》中的神学政治论,评判霍布斯对于宗教的哲学立场与实践立场,阐明这种宗教抉择背后霍布斯政治哲学的根基,同时评介多位现代学者对霍布斯神学政治论的研究,并且展望一个较大规模的研究:即现代政教合一体制是否存在的问题.     

提高理性认识 增强反腐信心

为了增强反腐信心,必须对腐败现象的产生与存在有一个正确的理性认识:我国现阶段出现的腐败现象与资本主义国家的腐败问题在性质上是有区别的;中国共产党领导的政权最大限度地遏制了腐败;随着改革的深化和制度的完善,腐败问题肯定会得到更有效的解决。     

交错的历史：1950年代的中国农村妇女——《村庄视野中的阶级、性别与家庭结构：以1950年代湘北塘村为中心的考察》

李斌《村庄视野中的阶级、性别与家庭结构：以1950年代湘北塘村为中心的考察》一书,以湘北塘村为个案,通过大量的口述资料和地方文献,质疑和深化了前人关于妇女解放和男女平等的经典论述。不同于以往革命史叙事下以国家为主体的论述,作者紧紧围绕性别、家庭和阶级三个维度,从女性视角出发,展现了农村妇女在解放前、土地改革时期、农业合作化时期和“大跃进”运动时期中切实的出境和生命体验,揭示了不同时期男女平等与不平等、妇女解放与未解放的复杂性,因而也刷新了我们对1950年代中国农村妇女的认识。     

当前我国农村人民内部矛盾问题及其化解对策

中国农村改革和发展的过程,就是发现、分析并解决农村社会各种矛盾的过程。新时期农村人民内部矛盾的内容、形式、发展趋势等都具有其特殊性。我们应积极运用具体问题具体分析的马克思主义方法,以正确界定矛盾的性质并努力提高农村干群素质为前提,以发展壮大农村经济并增加农民收入为根本,以提高农村的民主法制水平并建立有效的矛盾预警机制为保障,妥善处理农村人民内部矛盾。