Positive Attentional Bias,Attachment Style,and Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Susceptibility to peer influence may be related to activation in reward‐related brain regions. The current study extends research on the role of reward sensitivity in peer influence by examining whether preferential attention to positive emotional stimuli predicts behavior in peer interactions, and whether this association is moderated by attachment style in a sample of 36 same‐sex peer dyads. Positive attentional bias was associated with lower autonomy and greater avoidance with peers. This association was attenuated among individuals with secure attachment style. Attention to negative stimuli was associated with less avoidant and more hostile behavior during peer interactions. Results suggest that preferential attention to positive emotional stimuli is associated with greater susceptibility to peer influence, particularly in individuals low in secure attachment.     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Healthcare Costs in Adult Life

ABSTRACT

The current study aims to present the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and examine the healthcare costs associated with primary, allied, and specialist healthcare services. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health is a general health survey of four nationally representative age cohorts. The current study uses 20 years of survey and administrative data (1996–2015) from the cohort born 1973–1978. Overall, 41% of women indicated at least one category of childhood adversity. The most commonly reported type of childhood adversity was having a household member with a mental illness (16%), with the most commonly reported ACES category being psychological abuse (17%). Women who had experienced adversity in childhood had higher healthcare costs than women who had not experienced adversity. The healthcare costs associated with experiences of adversity in childhood fully justify a comprehensive policy and practice review.     

Bridging the Gap: An Exploratory Study of Corporate Social Responsibility among SMEs in Singapore

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) among small-medium enterprises (SME) is an overlooked area, despite the latter's emerging prominence as an economic player. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the CSR landscape among Singapore SMEs, a triangulation of 15 in-depth interviews and a self-administered Web survey was conducted among 113 senior executives from top 500 Singapore SMEs (27.2% response). Key findings include (a) moderate awareness but low comprehension of CSR; (b) engagement relevance to immediate stakeholders; (c) individual values, stakeholder relationships, and governmental influences as main drivers; and (d) lack of various resources as key barriers. Implications and future research directions are discussed.     

“Some of My Children Are Worth More Than Others”: Perceptions of Nonresidential Fathers with Second Families as to the Fairness of the Australian Child Support Agency's Handling of First Family Child Support Financial Arrangements

One in three Australian marriages end in divorce, and over half of such divorces involve children. Research indicates that men tend to repartner within 1 to 2 years of a divorce and women within 3 to 5 years. A significant issue for repartnered men is the provision of financial support for children from both their first and second families. Although only 6% of all Australian first family children spend near/equal time (shared care) after divorce with both parents, fathers in Australia are mandated under child support legislation to provide financial support for their first family children, whether they reside with them or not. However, it is argued by this study's nonresidential fathers that the Child Support Agency, when considering the level of financial support for first family children, tends to overlook the needs of second family children, thus creating an advantaged and disadvantaged set of siblings. This finding is reviewed through a distributive justice theory lens. Finally, some future directions for research aimed at exploring the impact of Child Support Legislation on second families are suggested.     

我国旅游目的地信息化建设B2G2C模式研究

旅游目的地信息化建设是旅游业发展的内在要求,是促进旅游业由粗放型向集约型转变的重要抓手。介绍旅游目的地信息化建设理论——B2G2C模式,详细阐述旅游网站的分类及其建设策略、信息化建设主体及其任务、各主体之间的关系及其包含的主要内容;揭示旅游目的地信息化建设B2G2C模式的意义。     

Formerly Homeless,Older Women's Experiences with Health,Housing, and Aging

The perspectives of formerly homeless, older women are absent in the academic literature on aging and homelessness. In this study, a group of formerly homeless women, aged 45 years and older were surveyed (N = 15) and interviewed (n = 11) about their experiences with health, housing, and aging. The qualitative themes to be explored include the women's perceptions of their current health, coping with low incomes, dealing with addictions to alcohol and drugs, and the importance of supportive housing and other community services. The female participants' views on adapting to home, planning for their elderly years, and views on growing older are also explored.     

A Canadian Population Level Analysis of the Roles of Irrational Gambling Cognitions and Risky Gambling Practices as Correlates of Gambling Intensity and Pathological Gambling

Using population data (N = 11,562) drawn from five Canadian gambling prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005, the current study investigated the relationship between irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices upon (a) gambling intensity, as measured by percent of income spent on gambling and (b) tolerance, a diagnostic indicator of pathological gambling. First, we found irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices to be positively related. Second, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and gambling intensity. Specifically, people engaging in risky practices, spent less of their income on gambling when they had fewer irrational gambling cognitions compared to those with more irrational cognitions. Third, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and tolerance. Of the people engaging in risky practices, those with no irrational cognitions reported lower levels of tolerance than those with at least one irrational cognition. Interactions with gender are reported and discussed. These findings demonstrate the importance of both gambling cognitions and gambling practices upon the intensity of gambling and pathological gambling.

Replication of Low-Risk Gambling Limits Using Canadian Provincial Gambling Prevalence Data

A set of low-risk gambling limits were recently produced using Canadian epidemiological data on the intensity of gambling behavior and related consequences (Currie et al. Addiction 101:570–580, 2006). The empirically derived limits (gambling no more than two to three times per month, spending no more than $501–$100°CAN per year or no more than 1% of gross income spent on gambling) accurately predicted risk of gambling-related harm after controlling for other risk factors. The present study sought to replicate these limits on data collected in three independently conducted Canadian provincial gambling surveys. Dose–response curves and logistic regression analyses were applied to gambling prevalence data collected in surveys conducted in 2001–2002 within the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario (combined sample N = 7,675). A comparable dose–response relationship between gambling intensity and risk of harm was found in each province. The optimal thresholds for defining an upper limit of low-risk gambling were similar across the three provinces despite variations in the availability and organization of legalized gambling opportunities within each region. These results provide additional evidence supporting the validity of the low-risk gambling limits. Quantitative limits could be used to augment existing responsible gambling guidelines.

MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠血脂的影响

目的建立高血脂模型,探讨MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠各项血脂的影响。方法 wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和高血脂组。正常组用普通饲料饲养,高血脂组用高脂饲料喂养,喂养20天建立高血脂模型。模型建立后,重新分组,原正常组剩下的大鼠仍然是正常组(Ⅰ组),原高血脂组剩下的大鼠随机分成高血脂模型组(Ⅱ组)和MF-多源治疗仪照射组(Ⅲ组),其中Ⅲ组在MF-多源治疗仪照射15天后,对大鼠血脂水平、血液的生化指标和血流变学指标进行分析。结果表明:Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数原等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高极显著(P<0.01)。这表明MF-多源治疗仪照射对高血脂症有良好的保健效果,对心血管疾病有预防作用。