Resilience for dropout students with depression in secondary schools in Hong Kong: parental attachment,hope and community integration

ABSTRACT

The objective of this qualitative research is to better understand school dropout students with depression in Hong Kong and how they overcome their adversities. Three girls and five boys participated in the study. The results showed that the Hong Kong cultural context was affected by school competition and the effect of mental health labelling. Jaspers’ phenomenology was utilised to understand the phenomenon of school dropout and depression. The findings illustrated the importance of secure parental attachment, substitute secure attachment, hope, supportive environment and community integration in helping dropout students with depression to overcome adversities. A resilience model for school dropouts with depression is proposed for improving professional practice in Hong Kong.     

What accounts for China''s trade balance dynamics?

This paper proposes a structural VAR model which extends the frameworks of Hoffmaister and Roldós [Hoffmaister, A. W., & Roldós, J. E. (2001). The sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in developing countries: Brazil and Korea. Journal of Macroeconomics, 23, 213–239] and Prasad [Prasad, E. S. (1999). International trade and the business cycle. Economic Journal, 109, 588–606]. The model is then used to analyse the sources of China's trade balance fluctuations in the period of 1985–2000. Efforts are made to distinguish the forces which underlie the long-run trend in trade balance from those with transitory impacts. The effects of four types of shock are examined—the foreign supply shock, the domestic supply shock, the relative demand shock and the nominal shock. Among other findings, two emerge as important. First, the movements in China's trade balance are largely the result of real shocks. Second, the Renminbi is undervalued, yet changes in the exchange rate bear little on the trade balance. Therefore, monetary measures would not suffice to redress China's trade ‘imbalance’.     

论历史美的本质与特征

历史美是体现着人类历史发展的本质与规律,能够引起人们的愉悦情感的具体的社会历史形象。人类在历史活动中按照美的规律不断地显示和实现自己的本质力量,从而创造着历史美。历史美从本质上说是人的本质力量对象化的确证和展现。历史美可分为历史的自然美、社会美和艺术美三类。历史美具有的三个根本特征是广博性、可感知性、情感性。     

国外现代商业银行风险管理及其启示

风险管理是现代微观金融学的一大支柱,也是现代商业银行的核心功能之一,因此,在商业银行管理中具有极其重要的地位。现代商业银行风险管理体系包括:风险控制组织、风险度量技术、风险规避技术、全面风险管理模式。我国应借鉴国外经验,积极引进并应用先进风险度量方法和风险管理技术。     

An empirical Bayes approach to evaluation of results for a specific region in multiregional clinical trials

To accelerate the drug development process and shorten approval time, the design of multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) incorporates subjects from many countries/regions around the world under the same protocol. After showing the overall efficacy of a drug in all global regions, one can also simultaneously evaluate the possibility of applying the overall trial results to all regions and subsequently support drug registration in each of them. In this paper, we focus on a specific region and establish a statistical criterion to assess the consistency between the specific region and overall results in an MRCT. More specifically, we treat each region in an MRCT as an independent clinical trial, and each perhaps has different treatment effect. We then construct the empirical prior information for the treatment effect for the specific region on the basis of all of the observed data from other regions. We will conclude similarity between the specific region and all regions if the posterior probability of deriving a positive treatment effect in the specific region is large, say 80%. Numerical examples illustrate applications of the proposed approach in different scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Normal tests for unit roots based on instrumental variable estimators

For estimating unit roots of autoregressive processes, we introduce a new instrumental variable (IV) method which discounts large values of regressors corresponding to the unit roots. Based on the IV estimator, we propose new unit root tests whose limiting null distributions are standard normal. Observation at time t is adjusted for mean recursively by the sample mean of observations up to the time t. The powers of the proposed tests are better than those of the Dickey–Fuller tests and are comparable to those of the tests based on the weighted symmetric estimator, which are known to have the best power against stationary alternatives.     

A Goodness-of-Fit Test for Logistic Regression Models in Stratified Case-Control Studies via Empirical Likelihood

In the literature, there were only a few reports on goodness-of-fit tests on logistic regression models specifically derived for case-control studies. In this article, we propose a goodness-of-fit test for logistic regression models in stratified case-control studies using an empirical likelihood approach. The proposed statistic is an alternative to the statistic G _o , recently proposed by Arbigast and Lin (2005 Arbigast , P. G. , Lin , D. Y. ( 2005 ). Model-checking techniques for stratified case-control studies . Statist. Med. 24 : 229 – 247 . [Google Scholar]). Simulation results show that the proposed statistic is often slightly more powerful than G _o , although their performances are always close to each other. Moreover, implementation of our method is easy since the usual stratified logistic regression procedures in many statistical softwares can be employed. Some asymptotic results and application of the proposed statistic to two real datasets are also presented.     

Maximum likelihood estimation for arma models in the presence of ARMA errors

An ARMA(p, q) process observed with an ARMA(c, d) error has an ARMA (p + c, k) representation with k = max(c + q, p + d) whose parameters satisfy some nonlinear constraints. Identification of the model is discussed. We develop Newton-Raphson estimators for the ARMA(p + c, k) process which take advantage of the information contained in the nonlinear restrictions. Explicit expressions for the derivatives of the restrictions are derived.