《堡垒》：静归中庸的德莱塞

德莱塞的晚期作品《堡垒》超越了自然主义的范畴，阐释了静归中庸的德莱塞。德翁走过了从感悟“适者”到超越“适者”的历程，《堡垒》体现了诸多的中庸情结，堡垒苏伦阐释了道德感与物欲之“中”正，苏伦子女展现了中庸化的结局。《堡垒》所体现的中庸理念，是德莱塞最终归向和谐的内心的真实映照，亦给人类带来安宁的乌托邦之光。     

培养大学生创业意识的实践与探索

大学生就业已经成为现实社会发展不可忽视的问题,大学生创业为解决该问题提供了新的思路,而实现大学生创业首先需要培养大学生的创业意识。影响大学生创业意识形成的主要因素有个体特征、成长环境、创业环境等,对此与大学生创业相关各社会主体要通过不同的途径实现对大学生创业意识的培养,如政府要打造良好的创业政策环境、企业要为大学生创业活动提供理论和实践指导、高校要加强大学生创业教育,搭建创业平台。     

生育利益调节机制:计划生育走向公共治理

生育利益调节机制是解决人口数量、结构、素质等诸多问题的公共治理机制。该机制是对计划生育的拓展,把生育行为的选择权力还之于民。其核心是通过一系列调整生育收益和成本的公共政策,引导公民自主选择生育,使生育行为微观选择的宏观效应最终符合国家人口政策目标。其理论模型包括宏观模型、微观模型和传导机制。宏观模型是政府判断人口发展趋势、制定人口发展战略的依据,微观模型体现了公民生育行为选择的过程,传导机制是根据宏观模型制定的一系列改变公民边际生育收益及成本、具有生育行为替代效应的公共政策。     

Utility, informed preference, or happiness: Following Harsanyi's argument to its logical conclusion

Harsanyi (1997) argues that, for normative issues, informed preferences should be used, instead of actual preferences or happiness (or welfare). Following his argument allowing him to move from actual to informed preferences to its logical conclusion forces us to use happiness instead. Where informed preferences differ from happiness due to a pure concern for the welfare of others, using the former involves multiple counting. This “concerning effect” (non-affective altruism) differs from and could be on top of the “minding effect” (affective altruism) of being happy seeing or helping others to be happy. The concerning/minding effect should be excluded/included in social decision. Non-affective altruism is shown to exist in a compelling hypothetical example. Just as actual preferences should be discounted due to the effects of ignorance and spurious preferences, informed preferences should also be discounted due to some inborn or acquired tendencies to be irrational, such as placing insufficient weights on the welfare of the future, maximizing our biological fitness instead of our welfare. Harsanyi's old result on utilitarianism is however defended against criticisms in the last decade. Harsanyi (1997) argues, among other things, that in welfare economics and ethics, what are important are people's informed preferences, rather than either their actual preferences (as emphasized by modern economists) or their happiness (as emphasized by early utilitarians). The main purpose of this paper is to argue that, pursuing Harsanyi's argument that allows him to move from actual to informed preferences to its logical conclusion forces us to happiness as the ultimately important thing. The early utilitarians were right after all! Since I personally approve of Harsanyi's basic argument, I regard myself as his follower who becomes more Catholic than the Pope. (It is not denied that, in practice, the practical difficulties and undesirable side-effects of the procedure of using happiness instead of preferences have to be taken into account. Thus, even if we ultimately wish to maximize the aggregate happiness of people, it may be best in practice to maximize their aggregate preferences in most instances. This important consideration will be largely ignored in this paper.) The secondary objective is to give a brief defence of Harsanyi's (1953, 1955) much earlier argument for utilitarianism (social welfare as a sum of individual utilities) that has received some criticisms in the last decade. The argument (e.g. Roemer 1996) that Harsanyi's result is irrelevant to utilitarianism is based on the point that the VNM (von Neumann-Morgenstern) utility is unrelated to the subjective and interpersonally comparable cardinal utility needed for a social welfare function. Harsanyi's position is defended by showing that the two types of utility are the same (apart from an indeterminate zero point for the former that is irrelevant for utilitarianism concerning the same set of people). Received: 29 May 1997 / Accepted: 3 November 1997     

文学的困惑及文学“灵韵”的复归——“80后”文学现象透析

“80后”写作是一个不容忽视的现象，虽然其文学追求被商业运作所掩盖，但对其进行文学上的发现，却能洞悉消费时代里文学的困惑，并给文学如何拨开迷雾找到自己的方向提供一种可能的答案——“灵韵”复归。     

如何理解“宗教共同体”——答张庆熊教授

张庆熊教授同意宗教共同体的宗教间多元通合、和而不同、和合共生的核心理念,但不同意宗教共同体的提法,并对终极实在、理性信仰等概念提出质疑。然而,他对宗教共同体、理性信仰的质疑系出于误解,他对终极实在形式否定但又实质肯定,他对理性与宗教信仰关系的观点存在明显的自我矛盾。实现宗教共同体的多元通合、和而不同、和合共生理念有赖于各宗教求同存异,并且有各宗教诸多共同之处可以作为其基础。张教授的宗教多元是围绕同一座山即同一中心的,其实与他批评的希克的宗教多元论并无实质的不同。被张教授赞许的哈贝马斯的宗教融入公共领域、发挥积极的社会作用的主张是治疗现代社会伦理缺失的一剂良方,但如果各宗教不能首先解决相互之间的纠纷冲突,形成某种形式的共同体,将会把政教分离欲避免的冲突问题重新带入公共领域,因而缺乏体制保障。     

区域合作发展中的“中心—边缘”系统浅析

当今,区域合作已成为我国区域经济发展的趋势所在。在区域非均衡基础之上,满足一致性与差异性统一的区域合作,必然要建立"中心—边缘"系统,通过非均衡发展最终走向区域协调,从而在区域经济发展上实践构建和谐社会的思想。     

Life Satisfaction of Adolescents in Hunan,China: Reliability and Validity of Chinese Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS)

The concept of poverty has gone beyond the monetary attributes to cover several dimensions directly influencing the level of individuals’ socio-economic status. Based on this methodological advancement, this study aims to approximate the deprivation of education, health and housing facilities to analyze the incidence of multidimensional poverty (MDP) at regional levels in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Findings revealed that the magnitude of MDP varies significantly across the regions due mainly to the variation in the deprivation levels of socio-economic aspects. Furthermore, the magnitude of MDP is higher in rural areas than urban areas in each region.     

武汉市“80后”青年的住房购买力研究

通过分析"80后"的内涵和特征并进行实地调研获得武汉市"80后"青年的住房现状、住房消费心理及偏好等基本信息,运用房价收入比模型计算出"80后"青年可承受的合理购买力区间以及个人和整体对新建商品房、经济适用房和二手房3类住房的购买力水平,对其住房购买力现状进行评价,以期为房地产市场的发展提供参考。研究表明,78.43%的"80后"青年能够在其偏好水平下形成有效购买力,且在他人财富馈赠的影响下,"80后"青年整体上能够对市场上各类住房消费需求形成有效的购买力。同时,通过分析影响"80后"住房购买力的主导因素,得出他人财富馈赠对其住房购买力有显著的影响。     

中国语言类学术集刊的发展现状及趋势分析

根据中国社会科学评价中心集刊调查材料,参照中国国家数字图书馆公布的信息,对语言类集刊从出版概况、内容、年代分布、地区分布、创办主体等方面进行全面调查,并剖析语言类集刊在学术规范和影响方面的情况,对语言类集刊的发展趋势进行展望。