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61.
Anne Daly 《Journal of Population Research》1994,11(2):133-148
The focus of this paper is the educational and economic status of indigenous Australians aged 50 years and over as reported in the 1991 Population Census. These indigenous people were less likely to be in employment than other Australians in the same age group and were more likely to be in unskilled occupations. Although there was no evidence of an improvement in the relative individual incomes of indigenous people in this age group between 1986 and 1991, there was some evidence of gains relative to other Australians in the share of the population in employment. This probably reflects the expansion of the Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme and as such should not be taken as an indicator of growth in indigenous employment independent of government support. 相似文献
62.
Nicola Nardelli Roberto Baiocco Annalisa Tanzilli Vittorio Lingiardi 《Journal of homosexuality》2020,67(10):1386-1400
ABSTRACT Several studies have highlighted the relationship between internalized sexual stigma (ISS) and dissociation. The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate this relationship through a quantitative study. The Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG) and the Dissociation Scale (DIS) of the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) were administered to 120 Caucasian participants who self-identified as gay men. Findings suggested that dissociative symptomatology, as measured by DIS—an estimation of the use of dissociation as a defense mechanism—was positively associated with MISS general index and all dimensions of MISS, especially the sexuality dimension (ISS-S). Moreover, the effect of the ISS-S on DIS was amplified in Catholic participants, suggesting a moderating role of religiosity. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
63.
Elder abuse research: a systematic review 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The purpose of this research was to provide a systematic review of, and assign an evidence grade to, the research articles on elder abuse. Sixteen health care and criminal justice literature databases were searched. Publications were reviewed by at least two independent readers who graded each from A (evidence of well-designed meta-analysis) to D (evidence from expert opinion or multiple case reports) on the quality of the evidence gained from the research. Of 6,676 titles identified in the search, 1,700 publications met inclusion criteria; omitting duplicates, 590 publications were annotated and graded. 相似文献
64.
Nicola Döring 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2001,32(2):109-143
It is often lamented that the anonymity and physical distance of the Internet prevent effective punishment for antisocial behavior such as insulting, racist or sexist comments. It is thus claimed that anomie regins on the Internet. However, if we look at individual Internet forums and the virtual groups which frequent them, it becomes evident that behavioral rules are often explicated and a row of rewards and punishments are used for behavioral control. With the help of systematic behavioral observations, analysis of documents and field experiments in 24 selected chat forums in the IRC and WWW this study examines how people use technical and social sanctions to control each other’s behavior in computer-mediated communication. Boundaries and possibilities of behavioral control on the Internet are of interest both for those who use chat forums as well as for those who offer chat forums. Accordingly, practical consequences of the results of the study are discussed with special consideration given to the danger of abuse of power. 相似文献
65.
M-quantile models with application to poverty mapping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nikos Tzavidis Nicola Salvati Monica Pratesi Ray Chambers 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(3):393-411
Over the last decade there has been growing demand for estimates of population characteristics at small area level. Unfortunately,
cost constraints in the design of sample surveys lead to small sample sizes within these areas and as a result direct estimation,
using only the survey data, is inappropriate since it yields estimates with unacceptable levels of precision. Small area models
are designed to tackle the small sample size problem. The most popular class of models for small area estimation is random
effects models that include random area effects to account for between area variations. However, such models also depend on
strong distributional assumptions, require a formal specification of the random part of the model and do not easily allow
for outlier robust inference. An alternative approach to small area estimation that is based on the use of M-quantile models
was recently proposed by Chambers and Tzavidis (Biometrika 93(2):255–268, 2006) and Tzavidis and Chambers (Robust prediction
of small area means and distributions. Working paper, 2007). Unlike traditional random effects models, M-quantile models do
not depend on strong distributional assumption and automatically provide outlier robust inference. In this paper we illustrate
for the first time how M-quantile models can be practically employed for deriving small area estimates of poverty and inequality.
The methodology we propose improves the traditional poverty mapping methods in the following ways: (a) it enables the estimation
of the distribution function of the study variable within the small area of interest both under an M-quantile and a random
effects model, (b) it provides analytical, instead of empirical, estimation of the mean squared error of the M-quantile small
area mean estimates and (c) it employs a robust to outliers estimation method. The methodology is applied to data from the
2002 Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) in Albania for estimating (a) district level estimates of the incidence of
poverty in Albania, (b) district level inequality measures and (c) the distribution function of household per-capita consumption
expenditure in each district. Small area estimates of poverty and inequality show that the poorest Albanian districts are
in the mountainous regions (north and north east) with the wealthiest districts, which are also linked with high levels of
inequality, in the coastal (south west) and southern part of country. We discuss the practical advantages of our methodology
and note the consistency of our results with results from previous studies. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the M-quantile
estimation framework through design-based simulations based on two realistic survey data sets containing small area information
and show that the M-quantile approach may be preferable when the aim is to estimate the small area distribution function. 相似文献
66.
Barabino Benedetto Cabras Nicola Aldo Conversano Claudio Olivo Alessandro 《Social indicators research》2020,149(3):1045-1080
Social Indicators Research - Recent interests in transit services have captured attention of experts on the monitoring of public transport quality. Previous research focused on relevant models and... 相似文献
67.
Herman E. Daly 《Population and environment》1991,12(3):257-263
The notion of optimal population is recast as a problem of optimal scale (population times per capita resource use). Bioeconomic limits to scale are considered, drawing on concepts from A.J. Lotka and N. Georgescu-Roegen. The ethical choice between many people at low resource use per capita versus fewer people at higher resource per capita transcends bioeconomics, but is unavoidable and highlights the issue of sufficiency as well as efficiency. A policy of increasing resource severance taxes and lowering income taxes, especially on lower incomes, is suggested as a way of serving both efficiency and sufficiency.Presented at the symposium on Population and Scarcity: The Forgotten Dimensions. 相似文献
68.
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is the standard measurement used to quantify cardiovascular functional capacity and aerobic fitness. Unfortunately, it is a costly, impractical and labour-intensive measure to obtain. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) also assesses cardiopulmonary function, but in contrast to the VO2max test, it is inexpensive and can be performed almost anywhere. Various medical studies have addressed the correlation between VO2max and 6MWT in patients with chronic heart failure. Of particular interest, from a medical point of view, is the conditional correlation between the two measures given the individual's height, weight, age and gender. In this paper, we have calculated the maximum likelihood estimate of the conditional correlation in patients with chronic heart failure under the assumption of skew normality. Data were recorded from 98 patients in the Operative Unit of Thoracic Surgery in Bari, Italy. The estimated conditional correlation was found to be much smaller than estimated marginal correlations reported in the medical literature. 相似文献
69.
A Critical Discussion and Practical Recommendations on Some Issues Relevant to the Nonprobabilistic Treatment of Uncertainty in Engineering Risk Assessment
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Models for the assessment of the risk of complex engineering systems are affected by uncertainties due to the randomness of several phenomena involved and the incomplete knowledge about some of the characteristics of the system. The objective of this article is to provide operative guidelines to handle some conceptual and technical issues related to the treatment of uncertainty in risk assessment for engineering practice. In particular, the following issues are addressed: (1) quantitative modeling and representation of uncertainty coherently with the information available on the system of interest; (2) propagation of the uncertainty from the input(s) to the output(s) of the system model; (3) (Bayesian) updating as new information on the system becomes available; and (4) modeling and representation of dependences among the input variables and parameters of the system model. Different approaches and methods are recommended for efficiently tackling each of issues (1)?(4) above; the tools considered are derived from both classical probability theory as well as alternative, nonfully probabilistic uncertainty representation frameworks (e.g., possibility theory). The recommendations drawn are supported by the results obtained in illustrative applications of literature. 相似文献
70.
This qualitative study used grounded theory methodology to explore the experiences of 30 self-employed, home-based workers
in Canada. Using boundary and work–family border theories as central theoretical constructs, this research examined the extent
to which workers used boundaries to manage work and family, the nature of these boundaries, and how they were negotiated by
the workers and their families. The results indicated that self-employed, home-based workers used both conceptual and physical
barriers to create and manage the boundaries between home and work and that these boundaries were reinforced by rules. Gender
differences and similarities were observed in the ways that boundaries were constructed and managed. Based on these observations,
several areas for further investigation are proposed. 相似文献