Cotrainers as Models of Relationships: Effects of the Outcome of Couples Therapy

This study investigated the generally neglected effects of the cotrainer relationship in studies of the outcome of couples communication training. Male-female cotrainer pairs modeled verbal dominance patterns similar or dissimilar to those of client couples. As hypothesized, changes in couples' speaking patterns after a two-hour workshop mirrored their trainers' models. Female-dominated couples exhibited greater modeling of dominance patterns, and male-dominated couples exposed to a dominant female trainer reported relatively negative impressions of both trainers. The need for cotrainers to be aware of the relationship models they present and clients' responses to these models is discussed.     

Play,Games and Interaction: the Contexts of Childhood Socialization*

Classical and contemporary theories of childhood play are reviewed and evaluated. A symbolic interactionist conception of play, games, work, and socialization is offered. Naturalistic data drawn from the observation of children ages three to eight years are presented to support a processual model of socialization and interaction in early childhood.     

Data sources and estimates of charitable giving in Britain

This paper describes how estimates of individual charitable giving are derived from two major continuous surveys: the Family Expenditure Survey and the Individual Giving Survey. It explores the reasons for and the significance of the differences between the two estimates. Conclusions are drawn on the relative merits and demerits of the two survey datasets, and the circumstances in which it might be appropriate to use each of them.     

Occupational sociology as career and employment counseling: Patterns and possibilities

This article contends that career and employment counseling should be viewed as an aspect of the clinical practice of occupational sociology. First, the actual development of career and employment counseling is briefly traced. Then, against this backdrop, past and present linkages between occupational sociology and career/employment counseling knowledge are identified. Finally, sociology training and internship possibilities for the counseling component are suggested.     

Mixture designs for constrained components in orthogonal blocks

It is often the case in mixture experiments that some of the ingredients, such as additives or flavourings, are included with proportions constrained to lie in a restricted interval, while the majority of the mixture is made up of a particular ingredient used as a filler. The experimental region in such cases is restricted to a parallelepiped in or near one corner of the full simplex region. In this paper, orthogonally blocked designs with two experimental blends on each edge of the constrained region are considered for mixture experiments with three and four ingredients. The optimal symmetric orthogonally blocked designs within this class are determined and it is shown that even better designs are obtained for the asymmetric situation, in which some experimental blends are taken at the vertices of the experimental region. Some examples are given to show how these ideas may be extended to identify good designs in three and four blocks. Finally, an example is included to illustrate how to overcome the problems of collinearity that sometimes occur when fitting quadratic models to experimental data from mixture experiments in which some of the ingredient proportions are restricted to small values.     

Genetic Algorithm for Graph Coloring: Exploration of Galinier and Hao's Algorithm

This paper examines the best current algorithm for solving the Chromatic Number Problem, due to Galinier and Hao (Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 379–397, 1999). The algorithm combines a Genetic Algorithm with Tabu Search. We show that the algorithm remains powerful even if the Tabu Search component is eliminated, and explore the reasons for its success where other Genetic Algorithms have failed. In addition we propose a generalized algorithm for the Frequency Assignment Problem.     

Accessibility of health and human services for the HIV-infected

Most research on services for the HIV/AIDS population has focused on primary medical care or on service brokering by advocacy groups. Little research data exist on the extent to which services of programs that do not specialize in HIV/AIDS clients are available to these individuals who often have multiple and multi-dimensional problems. The reported research examines selected data from a sample of 236 medical, behavioral health and social service programs in Miami-Dade County, Florida. A constructed measure of involvement in services for HIV/AIDS clients, pertinent provider program and client characteristics are examined in the context of geo-distributed data on reported AIDS cases and census data. In logistic regression analyses, two aspects of race/– the population in the zip code area served by the program, and the clients or patients seen in the program – were significant in predicting program under-response, defined as level of response relative to cumulative reported AIDS cases from the program's zip code area. The analysis is briefly discussed regarding its relevance and methodological generalizability for HIV/AIDS and related public health policy and applied purposes.