Core Competencies in Social Constructionist Supervision?

Family therapy is moving increasingly toward evidence‐based practice and competency‐based training. This article explores what might seem to be an unlikely link between social constructionist supervision, which is based on dialogic and fluid processes of meaning‐making, and the increasing reliance on discrete core competencies in the education and training of family therapists. We propose an alternate approach to competencies for supervision with therapists in training that, among other things, invites accountability and provides evaluative props. The approach we propose is based on a set of orientations that we hope reflect the dialogic and contextual nature of social constructionist practice and supervision. These orientations consist of reflexivity and attention to power, fostering polyphony and generativity, collaborative stance, and focus on client resourcefulness. Ideas and questions for supervisors and therapists in training to address the orientations are articulated.     

Psychological Distress and Related Factors in Female College Students

Abstract

Objective: This study assessed the psychological distress in Spanish college women and analyzed it in relation to sociodemographic and academic factors. Participants and Methods: The authors selected a stratified random sampling of 1,043 college women (average age of 22.2 years). Sociodemographic and academic information were collected, and psychological distress was assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90–Revised. Results: This sample of college women scored the highest on the depression dimension and the lowest on the phobic anxiety dimension. The sample scored higher than women of the general population on the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and on the Global Severity Index. Scores in the sample significantly differed based on age, relationship status, financial independence, year of study, and area of study. Conclusion: The results indicated an elevated level of psychological distress among college women, and therefore college health services need to devote more attention to their mental health.     

‘Wiggle your Wits!’ Social Restructuring and the Transformation of Entertainment Genres in Today's Russia

Among print genres that soared in popularity after the fall of socialism, crossword puzzles have been prominent, with their monthly sales reported around 36 million copies in 2001–02. Drawing on ethnographic observation, interviews with crossword readers, traders and publishers, as well as on analysis of the puzzles themselves, I argue that the Russian crossword boom is an instructive case of how forms of popular entertainment are borrowed and re-appropriated to serve distinctively local cultural logics. More specifically, the recent popularity of crossword puzzles has to be viewed in the context of the sweeping changes in the social structure of the Russian society. In the face of multiple dislocations of postsocialism, of frustrated expectations and unfulfilled claims, the changed genre of crosswords, far less high-brow and encyclopaedic than its Soviet predecessor, offered a wide circle of Russians a vocabulary for articulating their claims of cultural competence and, increasingly, of moral worth, and allowed them to imagine themselves as a moral community juxtaposed to the hostility of the surrounding world.     

UNDER PRESSURE: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN OUTPUT QUALITY AND QUANTITY UNDER COMPETITION AND TIME CONSTRAINTS

Gender gaps in the workplace are widespread. One explanation for gender inequality stems from the effects of the interaction between competition and two pressure sources, namely, task stereotypes and time constraints. This study uses a laboratory experiment to find that the gender gap in performance under competition and preferences for competition can be partly explained by the differential responses of men and women to the above pressures. In particular, while women underperform the men in a high‐pressure math‐based tournament, women greatly increase their performance levels and their willingness to compete in a low‐pressure verbal environment, such that they actually surpass the men. This effect appears largely due to the fact that extra time in a verbal competition improves the quality of women’s work, reducing their mistake share. On the other hand, men use this extra time to increase only the quantity of work, which results in a greater relative number of mistakes. A labor market study suggests that the nature of the job and the stress level are correlated with the gender gap in the labor market in a manner consistent with the results of my experiment.     

《缁衣》"君以民芒"原义之推论

汉代在整理<缁衣>时将"君以民芒"句中之"芒"字读为"亡",因为难以理解君以民灭亡的意思,故又补上了"君以民存"之句.本文发现,"芒"、"(眩)"、"望"三字都从"亡"得声,而且文献中有具体混用的例子,故"君以民芒"句中"芒"可读为"望".据此本文推论,原来<缁衣>中"君以民芒"之句并不是要说君以民灭亡,而是表达先秦儒家的"民望"观念,这从<左传>和<孟子>中亦可见到.     

The Potential for Reducing Mortality in Russia

This article attempts to assess current national and regional reserves for reducing the mortality rate in Russia. It explores the potential to reduce the mortality rate in comparison to comparable international benchmarks in rates of growth and gains in life expectancy at birth, identifies a range of circumstances that have an adverse impact on the population’s health in post-Soviet Russia, and shows that the main reserve for reducing mortality remains the “lost health capital” that preceded the collapse of the Soviet Union and continued in the 1990s. Finally, it assesses the current regional potential for lowering the mortality rate, which is “hidden” in differences between regions leading in life expectancy (with the exception of extremes) and the country’s remaining territories. The conclusion presents data revealing the life expectancy of men and women.     

Gender Segregation in the Spanish Labor Market: An Alternative Approach

The aim of this paper is to study occupational segregation by gender in Spain, which is a country where occupational segregation explains a large part of the gender wage gap. As opposed to previous studies, this paper measures not only overall segregation, but also the segregation of several population subgroups. For this purpose, this paper uses new measures recently proposed by Alonso-Villar and Del Río ( Local versus overall segregation measures, Documento de Traballo 0802, Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, 2008). Moreover, two decompositions of their local segregation curves are proposed, which allows us to go further in the empirical analysis.     

Factors associated with college students’ willingness and readiness to act in a food allergic emergency (WilRAFAE)

Abstract

Objective: Food allergies are on the rise in the U.S. Factors associated with willingness and readiness to act in a food allergic emergency on a college campus are currently unknown. Participants: College students in one Catholic college enrolled during spring of 2017. Methods: A previously piloted survey was distributed by e-mail. Results: Four hundred seventy-four individuals responded. All readiness components correlated, and all willingness components correlated with each other. Age, having children, college major had statistically significant correlations with readiness and willingness to act. Readiness was highly predictive of willingness to act in an FAE. Thirty-five percent of variability in willingness to act was explained by age, being health professions students, desire to be trained, social desirability, and readiness. Students in nonhealth related majors expressed high willingness, but low readiness. Conclusion: A pool of willing, trained to act individuals should be considered on college campuses including availability of unassigned epinephrine auto-injector.