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991.
This paper contributes to the emerging Bayesian literature on treatment effects. It derives treatment parameters in the framework of a potential outcomes model with a treatment choice equation, where the correlation between the unobservable components of the model is driven by a low-dimensional vector of latent factors. The analyst is assumed to have access to a set of measurements generated by the latent factors. This approach has attractive features from both theoretical and practical points of view. Not only does it address the fundamental identification problem arising from the inability to observe the same person in both the treated and untreated states, but it also turns out to be straightforward to implement. Formulae are provided to compute mean treatment effects as well as their distributional versions. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to illustrate how the methodology can easily be applied. 相似文献
992.
We compare two different elicitation methods for measuring risk attitudes on a sample of French farmers. We consider the lottery tasks initially proposed by Holt and Laury (Econ Rev 92:1644?C1655, 2002) and by Eckel and Grossman (Evol Hum Behav 23:281?C295, 2002; J Econ Behav Org 68:1?C7, 2008). The main empirical result from this within-subject study is that risk preference measures are affected by the type of mechanism used. We first show that this risk preference instability can be related to non-expected utility preferences of farmers. Using a risk-taking psychometric questionnaire, we then demonstrate that risk preferences of farmers are context-dependent. This may be another explanation of the observed risk preference instability. 相似文献
993.
Ana Rita Salgueiro Henrique Garcia Pereira Maria‐Teresa Rico Gerado Benito Andrés Díez‐Herreo 《Risk analysis》2008,28(1):13-23
A new statistical approach for preliminary risk evaluation of breakage in tailings dam is presented and illustrated by a case study regarding the Mediterranean region. The objective of the proposed method is to establish an empirical scale of risk, from which guidelines for prioritizing the collection of further specific information can be derived. The method relies on a historical database containing, in essence, two sets of qualitative data: the first set concerns the variables that are observable before the disaster (e.g., type and size of the dam, its location, and state of activity), and the second refers to the consequences of the disaster (e.g., failure type, sludge characteristics, fatalities categorization, and downstream range of damage). Based on a modified form of correspondence analysis, where the second set of attributes are projected as "supplementary variables" onto the axes provided by the eigenvalue decomposition of the matrix referring to the first set, a "qualitative regression" is performed, relating the variables to be predicted (contained in the second set) with the "predictors" (the observable variables). On the grounds of the previously derived relationship, the risk of breakage in a new case can be evaluated, given observable variables. The method was applied in a case study regarding a set of 13 test sites where the ranking of risk obtained was validated by expert knowledge. Once validated, the procedure was included in the final output of the e-EcoRisk UE project (A Regional Enterprise Network Decision-Support System for Environmental Risk and Disaster Management of Large-Scale Industrial Spills), allowing for a dynamic historical database updating and providing a prompt rough risk evaluation for a new case. The aim of this section of the global project is to provide a quantified context where failure cases occurred in the past for supporting analogue reasoning in preventing similar situations. 相似文献
994.
The structure and evolution of the strategic management field: A content analysis of 26 years of strategic management research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyses 26 years of strategic management research published in Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Administrative Science Quarterly and Strategic Management Journal. Through a content analysis, it studies the relationships between the subfields of strategic management. A multiple correspondence analysis provides a map of keywords and authors, and a framework to track this literature over the 26‐year period. A discussion of future pathways in the strategic management literature is also provided. 相似文献
995.
The purpose of this paper is to present a nonparametric Bayesian procedure for estimating a survival curve in a double censoring situation. Assuming a proportional hazard rates model, we propose a consistent estimation of lifetime, based on a Dirichlet process prior knowledge on the observable random vector. Some large sample properties of this estimator are also derived, We prove strong consistency and asymptotic weak convergence to a Gaussian pro cess. Finally, a simulation study is presented in order to analyze the behavior of the proposed estimator, and establish some comparisons to other estimators. 相似文献
996.
In this paper, we develop a nonparametrie recursive estimator for the vitality and mena residual life function, based on kernel density estimators under mixing dependence conditions. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established, under suitable regularity conditions. It is also shown that the Integrated Mean Squared Error converges to zero. The paper is concluyed with some simulation results. 相似文献
997.
The Hinde–Demétrio (HD) family of distributions, which are discrete exponential dispersion models with an additional real index parameter p, have been recently characterized from the unit variance function μ + μ p . For p equals to 2, 3,…, the corresponding distributions are concentrated on non negative integers, overdispersed and zero-inflated with respect to a Poisson distribution having the same mean. The negative binomial (p = 2) and strict arcsine (p = 3) distributions are HD families; the limit case (p → ∞) is associated to a suitable Poisson distribution. Apart from these count distributions, none of the HD distributions has explicit probability mass functions p k . This article shows that the ratios r k = k p k /p k?1, k = 1,…, p ? 1, are equal and different from r p . This new property allows, for a given count data set, to determine the integer p by some tests. The extreme situation of p = 2 is of general interest for count data. Some examples are used for illustrations and discussions. 相似文献
998.
Bayesian decision problems require subjective elicitation of the inputs: beliefs and preferences. Sometimes, elicitation methods may not represent perfectly the judgements of the decision maker. Several foundations propose to overlay this problem using robust approaches. In these models, beliefs are modelled by a class of probability distributions and preferences by a class of loss functions. Then, we are in the conditions of a Pareto order. Hence the solution concept is the set of non dominated alternatives. In this article we focus on the computation of the efficient set when the preferences are modeled by a class of convex loss functions. 相似文献
999.
1000.
This article deals with Bayes factors as useful Bayesian tools in frequentist testing of a precise hypothesis. A result and several examples are included to justify the definition of Bayes factor for point null hypotheses, without merging the initial distribution with a degenerate distribution on the null hypothesis. Of special interest is the problem of testing a proportion (joint with a natural criterion to compare different tests), the possible presence of nuisance parameters, or the influence of Bayesian sufficiency on this problem. The problem of testing a precise hypothesis under a Bayesian perspective is also considered and two alternative methods to deal with are given. 相似文献