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911.
912.
Reply 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
913.
Vere JP 《Population studies》2008,62(2):235-243
Many panel data-sets contain father-reported fertility data. Yet, since men tend to underreport past fertility--especially daughters or children from previous marriages--using such data can lead to significantly biased results when estimating household labour supply models. For example, when analysing fertility data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, which has a significant retrospective component, fathers' labour supply appears more responsive to the births of sons than to daughters (Lundberg and Rose, Review of Economics and Statistics 84(2): 251-268, 2002). However, no evidence for this differential can be found in a much larger sample of Current Population Survey data from the same population. It is important for researchers to consider the provenance of data on fertility variables and to undertake robustness checks with data reported by women whenever possible. 相似文献
914.
R. D. Blanchard-Boehm R. A. Earl J. H. Wachter E. J. Hanford 《Population and environment》2008,29(6):292-312
San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom”
of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central
Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the
Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded
the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental
groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city
with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication
between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and
the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future
water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate
that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as
well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute
opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side
in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water
needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of
limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research. 相似文献
915.
Recent studies of international inequality have focused mostly on the trend in international income inequality. This article extends the analysis of international inequality to also include inequalities in education and health. Analyses of time-series data for more than 100 countries show that international income inequality declined from 1980 to 2003 as several large, poor Asian countries outpaced many Western countries in national income growth. By contrast, international health inequality followed a U-shaped trend, falling in the 1980s before rising in the 1990s. The turnaround in health inequality coincides with a trend of declining life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. International educational inequality experienced the sharpest recent decline, spurred by the global expansion of formal schooling. These findings confirm that there is more to international inequality than income inequality alone and suggest that patterns of inequality in the current era of globalization are likely more complex than many leading theories suggest. 相似文献
916.
917.
Myron P. Gutmann Kristine Witkowski Corey Colyer JoAnne McFarland O’Rourke James McNally 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):639-665
Spatially explicit data pose a series of opportunities and challenges for all the actors involved in providing data for long-term
preservation and secondary analysis—the data producer, the data archive, and the data user. We report on opportunities and
challenges for each of the three players, and then turn to a summary of current thinking about how best to prepare, archive,
disseminate, and make use of social science data that have spatially explicit identification. The core issue that runs through
the paper is the risk of the disclosure of the identity of respondents. If we know where they live, where they work, or where
they own property, it is possible to find out who they are. Those involved in collecting, archiving, and using data need to
be aware of the risks of disclosure and become familiar with best practices to avoid disclosures that will be harmful to respondents.
相似文献
Myron P. GutmannEmail: |
918.
Cohort Succession in the US Housing Market: New Houses, the Baby Boom, and Income Stratification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rachel E. Dwyer 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):161-181
Federal housing policy in the US across the postwar period supported the construction of new houses more than public provision
or renovation of older structures as a means of ensuring a sufficient supply of quality dwellings. Understanding trends in
new housing in particular is thus crucial to understanding the housing regime. Following Myers (Housing demography: Linking demographic structure and housing markets. University of Wisconsin Press, 1990; Housing Studies, 14, 473–490,1999), this paper conceptualizes historical change in the housing stock within a demographic framework as the movement
of cohorts of households through cohorts of housing stock. Recent evidence suggests that a new cohort of houses arose in the
1980s and 1990s (larger with more amenities than past vintages), and that buyers of those new houses were increasingly affluent.
In this paper, I link the succession to a new cohort of houses to household cohort succession and examine the increasing affluence
of new house buyers by age and cohort, focusing especially on the entry of the Baby Boom generation exactly when the new cohort
of houses arrived. I use US Census microdata for 1960–2000 to develop a cohort longitudinal dataset, and analyze historical
change in stratification in new house ownership. I find significant shifts between cohorts in income inequality among new
house buyers, with implications for the capacity of the housing regime to meet the future needs of an increasingly diverse
population.
相似文献
Rachel E. DwyerEmail: |
919.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
920.
Bringing together women and family in quality perspective bring about interesting discussions in this paper. By integrating
previous studies and considering expert opinions, we determinate the variables and dimensions with respect to women’s existence
regarding their roles both in the family and at work. Many activities carried out by women represent the consumer aspects
of their role. Women undertake these activities to fulfill their needs, which can be classified in the order of preference
using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need. Women success can be measured based on their ability to perform their roles successfully.
We identify women’s performance by using quality approach of Personal Quality Maintenance (PQM), which is widely applied in
many organizations in order to maintain the service delivery, which meets the customer satisfaction. The effort to enhance
women’s satisfaction for their success in playing the multirole in the family and at work is our main consideration. This
study may contribute a new point of view regarding for the women’s welfare and existence. 相似文献