What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Performance? Dialogue Theory and Performance Budgeting

This article examines the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)in the federal budgeting process. The early evidence on PARTprompts the search for a theory of budgeting that accepts thatperformance information will influence decisions but will notbe used in the same way from decision to decision, as the espousedtheory of performance budgeting suggests. Dialogue theory emphasizesthe ambiguity of performance information and related resourceallocation choices. An exploratory test of dialogue theory isundertaken through an experiment involving graduate studentsassessing PART evaluations. The results illustrate a varietyof ways in which different individuals can examine the sameprogram and, using logical warrants, come to different conclusionsabout performance and future funding requirements.     

贯彻科学发展观,使我校办学从数量增长向质量提高转变

该文研究了高等教育在发展过程中数量和质量之间的关系,提出高等学校的办学规模应追求适当,而提高教育教学质量才是办学追求的根本。要贯彻科学发展观,树立“育人为本”的观念,调动学生的主动性,坚持教学与科研协调发展,培养创新人才;文章还提出高校不仅要遵循教育规律,而且要探索符合中国国情的大众化教育的新规律,培育优秀的师资力量,走教授治学之路;同时,要与时俱进,不断完善人才培养方案,加强管理制度建设,提高教学管理水平,建立高效的监控机制,以评促建,重在建设。     

导师制在理科(生物学)基地学生科研素质培养中的作用

理科(生物学)基地的建设目标,是培养符合国家要求,具有基础扎实、能力强、素质好的生物学基础科学研究和教学人才,而在基地教学中实行导师制是提高人才培养质量的有效途径之一。该文介绍了北京林业大学在理科基地学生中实行导师制的思路、措施和方法,并重点分析了导师制在理科基地人才科研素质培养中所起到的多方面的作用,在此基础上提出了导师制实施过程中急需解决的问题。     

A study of three-dimensional curves

In certain abnormalities of spinal shape, the long axis of the spine moves out of the median sagittal plane, producing both an axial torsion and a lateral deviation out of the usual front-back plane. Clinicians need to be able to assess rapidly and accurately whether or not an individual has such an abnormality. In this paper, we examine several case studies. These are analyzed using some simple summary statistics, and the use of these methods to infer abnormality is demonstrated. Using a simple fitted model for the data, an angular estimate of abnormality is obtained. Empirical measures of abnormality based on the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are also determined. These methods are applied to a number of individuals for whom the surface spinal profiles have been recorded and who have been assessed as normal or abnormal by clinicians.     

Perfect samplers for mixtures of distributions

Summary. We consider the construction of perfect samplers for posterior distributions associated with mixtures of exponential families and conjugate priors, starting with a perfect slice sampler in the spirit of Mira and co-workers. The methods rely on a marginalization akin to Rao–Blackwellization and illustrate the duality principle of Diebolt and Robert. A first approximation embeds the finite support distribution on the latent variables within a continuous support distribution that is easier to simulate by slice sampling, but we later demonstrate that the approximation can be very poor. We conclude by showing that an alternative perfect sampler based on a single backward chain can be constructed. This alternative can handle much larger sample sizes than the slice sampler first proposed.     

降息政策与储蓄增长

自 1996年来 ,为了刺激消费 ,扩大内需 ,促进经济的复苏与繁荣 ,中国人民银行连续八次降低金融机构人民币存贷款利率 ,但我国储蓄依然居高不下 ,降息的政策效果并不明显。该文认为 ,全球经济萧条是外因 ,而经济主体 ,如居民、企业、银行、政府的行为才是导致降息低效的根本原因 ,因此 ,解决这一现实问题需要全社会共同努力 ,将降息与其它政策配套使用才能行之有效。     

我国林业工程项目管理研究

以大工程带动大发展是我国实现林业跨越式发展的重大战略决策。林业项目单位是工程的主要参与者 ,其管理水平高下直接关系到项目成败。该文通过总结现代项目管理理念 ,结合林业工程项目管理的现状和特点 ,提出林业工程项目管理系统 ,并指出了现代项目管理理念和方法是提高林业项目管理水平的有效途径。     

中韩日三国未来在经济上的竞争与合作

一、导言(一)改变中的世界经济数千年前,古代中国在比较厚实的基础之上,就已发展出灿烂的文化,而这先进的文化与经济也通过“丝绸之路”向西方传播。     

A Content Analysis of Violence in American War Movies

In a content analysis of movie violence, we randomly selected twelve top-grossing American war films from four decades (1970 to 2002). We coded for implements of violence, length of violence, gore, and violence directed at noncombatants. We hypothesized that recently released war movies would be more violent than those released earlier. We found that films released since 1990 did contain more violence compared to others. Further, the intensity of gore increased in recently released movies.     

充分利用多媒体辅助手段 提高大学英语教学质量

多媒体辅助手段的运用能够大大提高课堂教学效果。该文基于对北京林业大学多媒体利用情况的调查,探讨了目前该校利用多媒体辅助手段进行英语教学存在的问题和解决方案,并论证了多媒体辅助教学在实践中的价值和意义。