基于化学镀银法制备尼龙6/银复合材料

为增加尼龙基体和银镀层之间的界面结合力,将机械打磨引入到传统的化学镀工艺中,并利用 无毒、环保的葡萄糖溶液作为施镀过程中的还原剂,代替传统化学镀中常用的甲醛溶液,快速制备了尼 龙6/银复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对尼龙6/银复合材料的物相及显 微形貌进行了表征;并研究了化学镀工艺对施镀过程的影响,着重研究了施镀温度、施镀时间、硝酸银 溶液（主盐）浓度及葡萄糖溶液（还原剂）浓度对银镀层厚度的影响。结果表明,银镀层的厚度随着硝 酸银浓度、葡萄糖浓度、施镀时间、施镀温度的升高整体呈先增大后减小的趋势。过高的施镀温度、硝 酸银浓度及葡萄糖浓度会使镀液中的还原反应速率过快,不利于银粒子在尼龙6基材上的沉积,从而引起 银镀层厚度的下降;过长的施镀时间会使银镀层表面出现很多划痕,从而导致银镀层质量的下降。通过 优化施镀工艺参数,得到银镀层厚度可控的尼龙6/银复合材料。     

构建城乡统一社会养老服务体系的路径探寻——基于河南省9市553份调研问卷的分析

随着社会经济的快速发展,中国人口老龄化日益加剧,人们对养老服务需求也随之提高,与此同时城乡间的养老服务体系的不公平问题也愈加凸显。构建城乡统一的社会养老服务体系应逐步提高社会养老服务水平,增强社会养老服务的可持续性和服务性;建立健全社会养老服务体系,逐步实现城乡统一,增强社会养老服务的公平性和流动性。     

叙述性商标合理使用之证伪——兼评我国新《商标法》第59条第1款

商标使用是实现商标功能并彰显商标价值的根本途径,因此也是商标法领域的永恒课题。传统理论认为商标合理使用是商标使用的一种形式,具体分为叙述性使用和指示性使用两种。但实质上,叙述性使用并不是商标意义上的使用,也与传统合理使用的制度本质和运作机理不相符合,并不是真正意义上的合理使用,因而应将其排除在合理使用范畴之外。如此,则有利于构建科学合理的商标合理使用制度,能更好地为法律实践服务。     

南京国民政府司法官管理探析

南京国民政府司法制度作为中国近代司法制度发展的高峰,作为司法制度重要组成部分司法官的管理也体现了一定的科学性和规范性,司法官的管理主要通过规定相应的资格标准和任用程序,并强化考核达到司法官管理制度的目的,但由于各种局限,这种制度不可避免的存在各种问题。     

农村中小学《国家学生体质健康标准》实施困境分析

农村中小学《国家学生体质健康标准》实施困境及产生原因在于实施主体的职责问题、实施客体的认知问题以及实施环境的问题。为此,提出明确各部门职责、强化宣传 力度和加大专项经费的投入等建议。以便促进《国家学生体质健康标准》更好地实施。     

“水污染控制工程”课程设计改革

课程设计是“水污染控制工程”教学的重要实践性环节.基于多年教学实践,分析课程设计教学中存在的问题,提出改革措施,并探讨课题设定、任务安排与指导、成绩评定等方面的改革与实践,从而带动课程教学的全面发展.改革实践表明,课程设计极大地提高了学生对水污染控制专业的理解和认知,改变了思维方式,增强了分析能力和创新能力.     

大学生创业中地方政府角色定位缺失与对策

大学生创业是地方政府工作中需要重视的一个环节,地方政府对大学生创业成功起着至关重要的作用。但是从目前的情况来看,一些地方政府并没有顾及到自身在大学生创业中的角色,定位缺失的情况还是普遍存在的,具体表现为创业政策制定者角色缺位;创业协调监督者角色错位;创业服务者角色模糊等等。这就要求地方政府必须要认识到自身工作的重要性,做好补位措施,为大学生创业提供更好的条件,这样国内大学生创业才能够获得更好的发展。     

The Enduring Relevance of Case Management

Correspondence to Peter Ryan, School of Health, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Middlesex University, Archway, 7, Highgate Hill, London N19 5NF Summary This article summarizes the main results and policy implicationsof a Department of Health funded mental health case managementresearch and development project. The project implemented casemanagement services in four different sites, and worked withclients who were severely disabled with long-term mental illness.Higher levels of engagement (95 per cent) were achieved by case-managedas compared to control clients. They were also linked to a widerrange of community services. However, costs of the experimentalservices were higher, and client outcome variable. In two sites,case-managed clients achieved significant improvements in psycho-socialadjustment, whereas on the third site, there were no differencesin outcome between the control andexperimental clients. The article concludes that case management continues to be amode of service delivery which can achieve real benefits forclients in terms of preventing them from falling through thenet, and in linking them in responsive ways to community services.However, the increased costs can make it an unattractive optionfor purchasers, and ways need to be found to retain the establishedbenefits, whilst reducing the costs to service purchasers.     

AN IMPROVED HEURISTIC FOR STAFFING TELEPHONE CALL CENTERS WITH LIMITED OPERATING HOURS

Many telephone call centers that experience cyclic and random customer demand adjust their staffing over the day in an attempt to provide a consistent target level of customer service. The standard and widely used staffing method, which we call the stationary independent period by period (SIPP) approach, divides the workday into planning periods and uses a series of stationary independent Erlang‐c queuing models—one for each planning period—to estimate minimum staffing needs. Our research evaluates and improves upon this commonly used heuristic for those telephone call centers with limited hours of operation during the workday. We show that the SIPP approach often suggests staffing that is substantially too low to achieve the targeted customer service levels (probability of customer delay) during critical periods. The major reasons for SIPP‘ s shortfall are as follows: (1) SIPP's failure to account for the time lag between the peak in customer demand and when system congestion actually peaks; and (2) SIPP’ s use of the planning period average arrival rate, thereby assuming that the arrival rate is constant during the period. We identify specific domains for which SIPP tends to suggest inadequate staffing. Based on an analysis of the factors that influence the magnitude of the lag in infinite server systems that start empty and idle, we propose and test two simple “lagged” SIPP modifications that, in most situations, consistently achieve the service target with only modest increases in staffing.     

INSIGHTS ON SERVICE SYSTEM DESIGN FROM A NORMAL APPROXIMATION TO ERLANG'S DELAY FORMULA

We show how a simple normal approximation to Erlang's delay formula can be used to analyze capacity and staffing problems in service systems that can be modeled as M/M/s queues. The numbers of servers, s, needed in an M/M/s queueing system to assure a probability of delay of, at most, p can be well approximated by s ≅ p + z_***I-p+, where z_1-p, is the (1 - p)th percentile of the standard normal distribution and ρ, the presented load on the system, is the ratio of Λ, the customer arrival rate, to μ, the service rate. We examine the accuracy of this approximation over a set of parameters typical of service operations ranging from police patrol, through telemarketing to automatic teller machines, and we demonstrate that it tends to slightly underestimate the number of servers actually needed to hit the delay probability target—adding one server to the number suggested by the above formula typically gives the exact result. More importantly, the structure of the approximation promotes operational insight by explicitly linking the number of servers with server utilization and the customer service level. Using a scenario based on an actual teleservicing operation, we show how operations managers and designers can quickly obtain insights about the trade-offs between system size, system utilization and customer service. We argue that this little used approach deserves a prominent role in the operations analyst's and operations manager's toolbags.