Career Girls

Television representations of the British postwar working woman have been afforded little consideration in British historical television scholarship. In its exploration of two early 1960s female ensemble television series set in the workplace, Compact (1962–1965) and The Rag Trade (1961–1963), this article makes a significant feminist intervention in the reinstatement of this neglected figure into extant critical television histories. It also demonstrates that implicit media discourses around women balancing work and home life customarily situated in the latter part of the twentieth century were already in circulation in the early 1960s.     

Actual rejection levels in a certain stepwise test

Continuing me work of Draper, Guttman and Kanemasu (1971) we obtain the appropriate distribution and evaluate some actual probability levels tor entry of variables in stepwise regression when the denominator of the F-statistic is a biased estimate of the residual variance and there are two possible entry candidates.     

A bayesian approach to prediction in the presence of spurious observations for several models

The problem of spuriousity has been dealt with from a Bayesian perspective by, among others, Box and Taio (1968) and in several papers by Guttman with various co-authors, beginning with Guttman (1973), The main objective of these papers has been to obtain posterior distributions of parameters, and to base inference on these distributions. In the current paper, the Bayesian argument is carried one step further by deriving predictive distributions of future observations. Inferences are then based on these distributions. We will obtain predictive results for several models, First, we consider the univariate normal case with one spurious observation, This is then generalized to several spurious observations. The multivariate normal situation is studied next. Finally, we consider the general linear model with normal errors.     

Effects of Welfare Participation on Marriage

We investigate the widely held premise that welfare participation causes women to refrain from marriage. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study (N = 3,219), we employ an event history approach to study transitions to marriage among mothers who have had a non-marital birth. We find that welfare participation reduces the likelihood of transitioning to marriage (hazard ratio is .67, p < .01), but only while the mother is receiving benefits. Once the mother leaves welfare, past receipt has little effect on marriage. We infer that the negative association between welfare participation and subsequent marriage reflects temporary economic disincentives rather than an erosion of values.     

High School Students' Contact with and Attitudes towards Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Kuwait

Abstract

This study aims to investigate demographic variables, contact-related correlates, and attitudes towards persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) among Kuwaiti high school students (N = 700). The study focuses on variables that few studies have investigated and attempts to raise awareness among social workers to advocate for the inclusion of people with IDD and reform social policy that would improve the inclusion in society. The adapted Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory—Revised (MRAI-R) was used. A set of demographic variables and known predictors of attitudes to people with IDD were tested in multivariate analyses. Except for age, differences in global attitudes were found to be a function of gender, knowing persons with IDD, intimacy, frequency of contact, intensity of contact, and knowledge of IDD. Higher levels of Contact-Intensity and higher age were associated with more positive attitudes on the Integration–Segregation, Social Distance, Private Rights, and Subtle Derogatory Beliefs subscales. These findings support the development of legislation aimed at promoting successful inclusion that contributes to positive attitudes of students towards a person with IDD.     

Effect of correlation on the estimation of a mean in the presence of spurious observations

This paper examines the effect of correlation of observations on estimators of a mean which are designed to guard against the possibility of spurious observations (that is, observations generated in a manner not intended). The mean squared error, premium and protection of these estimators are evaluated and discussed for some specific correlation structures.     

Interdependencies, values and the reshaping of difference: gender and generation at the birth of twentieth-century modernity

The paper explores the mutuality of values, claims and social relations in the process of social change. Values are not separable from social relations but are embedded in the shaping and reshaping of social difference and interdependence. The paper focuses on developments around the turn of the twentieth century, and analyses changes in the relative social positioning of children and adults, and women and men, shifting patterns of interdependence, and linked values and ideas about difference. The reconfiguring of generational and gender relations was integral to the first fertility decline, to transformation in family life and societal divisions of labour, and to the embedding of particular values and claims regarding gendered difference, identities and gender appropriate roles. Analysis of these developments reveals the mutuality of 'cultural' and 'material' processes and holds lessons for interpreting social change today.     

Spuriosity and outliers in directional data

This paper discusses inference regarding the mean direction and the concentration parameters based on data from the von Mises distribution from a Bayesian point of view, when k(k < n/2) of the n observations are spurious, that is, are from a von Mises population with a shifted mean direction. The Bayesian analysis for this spuriosity case provides both detection, identification, and estimation for the mean direction and the concentration parameter when indeed spurious observations are present, possibly giving rise to outliers.