“There is Just a Different Energy”: Changes in the Therapeutic Relationship with the Telehealth Transition

Clinical Social Work Journal - The therapeutic relationship (TR), including its therapeutic frame, is the foundation of the therapeutic endeavor. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid...     

Perception of quality of life in an elderly Angolan sample / Percepción de calidad de vida en una muestra de ancianos angoleños

Increased life expectancy and the ageing of the population have made it particularly important to distinguish between the old (usually 60–79 years, or the ‘young old’) and the oldest old (80 years or more, or the ‘fourth age’). This study explores the effects of age, gender and institutionalization on perceived health and life satisfaction in 1003 elderly people from Luanda, Angola. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was estimated to test for these effects. Results provide evidence of lower scores on life satisfaction and perceived health for the oldest old and the institutionalized. However, the higher life satisfaction among the non-institutionalized disappeared when they reach the fourth age. No differences were found by gender, although there was a slight drop in the life satisfaction of women over the age of 80.     

Critical Thinking in Social Work Education: A Research Synthesis

In a meta-analytic review of critical thinking in social work education, findings revealed variability in research designs, methods, and subsequent findings. The 10 studies reviewed assessed different components of critical thinking and highlighted different potential moderator variables. Although there are significant limitations to all the studies analyzed in this review, findings suggest some practical significance and point to the need for future research to include more rigorous experimental research designs that include control groups and a comprehensive analysis of potential moderator variables that may include socioeconomic status, ethnicity, academic rank, and teaching methodology.     

Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens for Conditional Probabilities,and Updating on Uncertain Evidence

There are narrowest bounds for P(h) when P(e)  =  y and P(h/e)  =  x, which bounds collapse to x as y goes to 1. A theorem for these bounds – Bounds for Probable Modus Ponens – entails a principle for updating on possibly uncertain evidence subject to these bounds that is a generalization of the principle for updating by conditioning on certain evidence. This way of updating on possibly uncertain evidence is appropriate when updating by ‘probability kinematics’ or ‘Jeffrey-conditioning’ is, and apparently in countless other cases as well. A more complicated theorem due to Karl Wagner – Bounds for Probable Modus Tollens – registers narrowest bounds for P(∼h) when P(∼e) =  y and P(e/h)  =  x. This theorem serves another principle for updating on possibly uncertain evidence that might be termed ‘contraditioning’, though it is for a way of updating that seems in practice to be frequently not appropriate. It is definitely not a way of putting down a theory – for example, a random-chance theory of the apparent fine-tuning for life of the parameters of standard physics – merely on the ground that the theory made extremely unlikely conditions of which we are now nearly certain. These theorems for bounds and updating are addressed to standard conditional probabilities defined as ratios of probabilities. Adaptations for Hosiasson-Lindenbaum ‘free-standing’ conditional probabilities are provided. The extended on-line version of this article (URL: ) includes appendices and expansions of several notes. Appendix A contains demonstrations and confirmations of elements of those adaptations. Appendix B discusses and elaborates analogues of modus ponens and modus tollens for probabilities and conditional probabilities found in Elliott Sober’s “Intelligent Design and Probability Reasoning.” Appendix C adds to observations made below regarding relations of Probability Kinematics and updating subject to Bounds for Probable Modus Ponens.      

Reviews

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324, translated by Barbara Bray (1978), xvii+383 (The Scolar Press, £12.50).

Alan Macfarlane, The Origins of English Individualism. The Family, Property and Social Transition (Oxford, 1978), xvi+216 (Basil Blackwell. £8.50).

Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Ruling Class, Régime and Reformation at Strasbourg 1520–1555 (1978), xxi+458 (Brill, Leiden, 124 guilders).

Andrew B. Appleby, Famine in Tudor and Stuart England (1978) x+250 (Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, £10.75). Victor Skipp, Crisis and Development. An ecological case study of the Forest of Arden, 1570–1674 (1978) xii+132 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £6.50).

Patricia Branca, Women in Europe since 1750 (1978), 233 (Croom Helm, £8.95, paperback £3.95).

John W. Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies (1977), lxv+777 (Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, paperback £7.50).

Jonas Frykman, Horaa i bondesamhället (1977), 230 (Liber Läromedel, Lund, 24 Sw. cr.). (The Whore in Peasant Society)

Helmut Bleiber (ed.), Bourgeoisie uad bürgerliche Umwälzuagin Deutschland 1789–1871 (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR: Schriften des Institute für Geschichte, 50, 1977) xii+525 (Akademie‐Verlag, East Berlin, 48M). (Bourgeoisie and Bourgeois Upheaval in Germany 1789–1871)

A. P. Donajgrodzki (ed.), Social Control in Nineteenth‐Century Britain (1977)! 258 (Croom Helm, £8.50).

Anthony S. Wohl (ed.), The Victorian Family (1978), 224 (Croom Helm, £7.95).

M. J. Daunton, Coal Metropolis Cardiff 1870–1914 (1977), 260 (Leicester University Press, Leicester, £12.00).

W. A. Speck, Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 (1977), viii+311 (Edward Arnold, £9.95, paperback £3.50).

Howard Newby, The Deferential Worker: a study of farm workers in East Anglia (1977), 462 (Allen Lane, £9.00).

John Stevenson and Chris Cook, The Slump: Society and Politics during the Depression (1977), 348 (Jonathan Cape, £8.95).