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871.
Patrick Richard 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2016,37(2):212-225
This paper examines the relationship between the number of dependent children and medical debt outcomes. Results show that the presence of dependent children in the household increased the probability of having any medical debt by 8 % for “high” financial burden households, 4 % for households at the 50th percentile of the income distribution and 3 % for privately insured households. The amount of medical debt by households at the 75th percentile of the income distribution was also increased. These findings show that the number of dependent children in the household was associated with medical debt for households in the middle of the income distribution. These results may be explained by the fact that those households at the lower tail of the income distribution are more likely to have public coverage, which tends to have lower cost sharing compared to those with private insurance. 相似文献
872.
Shannon M. Buckley Myron J. Mitchell Patrick J. McHale Geoffrey D. Millard 《Urban Ecosystems》2016,19(4):1479-1498
To date, studies examining carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in urban areas have been limited compared to those in rural environments. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between traffic volume and CO2 fluxes. We demonstrated that CO2 fluxes were strongly linked with surrounding land use, specifically impervious surfaces and traffic volume. A site near downtown Syracuse in New York State (USA) had relatively constant positive fluxes (source: +39 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1) throughout the year as a result of strong vehicular traffic influence from two nearby interstate highways. There was a strong positive relationship between traffic and CO2 fluxes (r2?=?0.93, p?<?0.0001) with marked differences between the weekend days versus the workweek days. In contrast, a residential site in Syracuse was dominated by vegetative influences during the leaf-on period due to CO2 uptake by photosynthesis, reaching a maximum negative mean diurnal flux of ?11 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 around midday (sink). The spatial variations of CO2 fluxes identify the critical role played by local traffic volumes in affecting the CO2 dynamics of urban environments. Understanding the dynamic fluxes of CO2 in urban environments has important implications for local, regional and global evaluations of CO2 budgets and inventories, and carbon cycle and climate modeling. 相似文献
873.
Lehrer Elizabeth W. Schooley Robert L. Nevis Jennifer M. Kilgour R. Julia Wolff Patrick J. Magle Seth B. 《Urban Ecosystems》2016,19(3):1389-1403
Urban Ecosystems - Human-wildlife conflict is increasing as urbanization expands and wildlife species adjust to living near people. Translocation is often used to manage human-wildlife conflict... 相似文献
874.
Loughrey Tara Olivia Contreras Bethany P. Majdalany Lina M. Rudy Nikki Sinn Stephanie Teague Patricia Marshall Genevieve McGreevy Patrick Harvey A. Celeste 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2014,30(2):128-140
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - We evaluated the use of behavioral skills training (BST) to train caregivers to conduct procedures commonly associated with mand training. We trained two... 相似文献
875.
Patrick A. Wilson Pamela Valera Alexander J. Martos Natalie M. Wittlin Miguel A. Muñoz-Laboy Richard G. Parker 《Journal of sex research》2016,53(6):642-654
This article presents a systematic review of qualitative studies focusing on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. We reviewed studies that were published between 1980 and 2014. Qualitative methods employed in the studies reviewed include in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and ethnography. We searched several databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, JSTOR, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, and Google Scholar) for relevant articles using the following broad terms: “Black men” “Black gay/bisexual” or “Black men who have sex with men,” and “qualitative” and/or “ethnography.” We include 70 studies in this review. The key themes observed across studies were (1) heterogeneity, (2) layered stigma and intersectionality, (3) risk behaviors, (4) mental health, (5) resilience, and (6) community engagement. The review suggests that sexual behavior and HIV-status disclosure, sexual risk taking, substance use, and psychological well-being were contextually situated. Interventions occurring at multiple levels and within multiple contexts are needed to reduce stigma within the Black community. Similarly, structural interventions targeting religious groups, schools, and health care systems are needed to improve the health outcomes among BMSM. Community engagement and using community-based participatory research methods may facilitate the development and implementation of culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS interventions targeting BMSM. 相似文献
876.
In this paper, we consider neighborhood selection as a social process central to the reproduction of racial inequality in
neighborhood attainment. We formulate a multilevel model that decomposes multiple sources of stability and change in longitudinal
trajectories of achieved neighborhood income among nearly 4,000 Chicago families followed for up to seven years wherever they
moved in the United States. Even after we adjust for a comprehensive set of fixed and time-varying covariates, racial inequality
in neighborhood attainment is replicated by movers and stayers alike. We also study the emergent consequences of mobility
pathways for neighborhood-level structure. The temporal sorting by individuals of different racial and ethnic groups combines
to yield a structural pattern of flows between neighborhoods that generates virtually nonoverlapping income distributions
and little exchange between minority and white areas. Selection and racially shaped hierarchies are thus mutually constituted
and account for an apparent equilibrium of neighborhood inequality. 相似文献
877.
Poland on the dole: The effect of reducing the unemployment benefit entitlement period during transition 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patrick A. Puhani 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):35-44
We analyse the unemployment benefit regime change that occurred in Poland in December 1991 using data from the Polish Labour
Force Survey. Before December 1991, the entitlement period to unemployment benefits was unlimited. Thereafter, it was reduced
to 12 months (with a few exceptions). Using the difference-in-differences approach within a hazard rate framework, we find
that the regime change did not have a significant effect on the duration of unemployment. The results thus give credence to
the view that the unlimited entitlement period of the old unemployment benefit regime was not the main culprit for the long durations of unemployment in Poland, although the generous eligibility criteria may have contributed to the increase in the incidence of registered unemployment at the beginning of the transition process.
Received: 21 May 1997/Accepted: 15 March 1999 相似文献
878.
J. Jane H. Dewey Lewis Z. Schlosser Robert S. Kinney Alan W. Burkard 《Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling》2014,8(3):298-321
In this study, the authors explored the growing subset of Christian clergy who are allies of the LGB community and invested in fostering change in their religious communities toward the end of making Christianity more affirming and inclusive. Thirteen heterosexually identified, White Christian clergy participated in this qualitative study of their daily lived experiences; the data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research. The findings provide detailed information about these clergy including the factors that fostered the development of their worldviews, the behavioral manifestation of their advocacy, and the beliefs and experiences that sustain their efforts. 相似文献
879.
This paper examines a course model for teaching the concepts of successful implementation of quantitative analyses to both administrative and technical students. The objectives of the course were to examine the principles of effective model building and to examine the problems in communication between administrative and technical individuals. The course model utilizes case study discussions in conjunction with a series of applications projects. The cases illustrated a wide variety of implementation concepts, including concepts related to problem definition, analysis planning, information needs, systems modeling, and general model building philosophies. The applications projects gave the students varied experiences in realistic problem solving. A subjective evaluation of the student's progress in the course did show an increased perceptiveness of what constitutes good model building. The quantitative students in the course seemed to improve in their ability to develop practical solutions to problem solving, while the administrative students improved their ability to communicate with technical individuals and to perform evaluations of technical proposals for quantitative analyses. 相似文献
880.
A key challenge facing multinational corporations (MNCs) is how to encourage the development of firm specific advantages throughout the network of subsidiaries while maintaining global coherence. As a result, a critical task for top managers in the MNC is to structure the relationship between headquarters and subsidiaries. Thus, headquarters' control of subsidiary behaviour and performance becomes a central integrating function in the MNC. We examine first the relationship between the nationality of the MNC headquarters and its information management, namely the key performance metrics utilized by the parent to evaluate subsidiary performance. Second, we investigate the relationship between the MNC nationality and its management of managers, specifically, the transfer of parent company nationals and corporate acculturation. These questions are investigated in a study of MNC subsidiaries located in Australia, Ireland and Singapore. Our data provide strong evidence that MNCs of all nationalities place the greatest emphasis on financial metrics compared to other performance metrics. Moreover, there are differences in the degree of emphasis on performance metrics across MNC nationality. We found that Japanese and German MNCs place significantly less emphasis on financial measures than US and UK MNCs. Our hypotheses relating to the management of managers were also supported by the data. In comparison with all other MNC nationalities, Japanese MNCs place greater emphasis on the transfer of Japanese managers to overseas subsidiaries and less emphasis on corporate acculturation. While some researchers have argued that management control has become more isomorphic as a result of globalization, our results show that companies from different nationalities diverge in their practices. 相似文献