The self-image in the therapeutic dyad: A case example of mutual growth

The therapeutic relationship is seen as a mutual experiencing of self and other which is growth-promoting for the therapist as well as the patient. Work with a borderline woman during a period of two years evoked strong countertransference reactions in the therapist who, at times, experienced the patient as a mirror. A beginning sense of cohesion in the patient's highly fragmented sense of self found a parallel in this beginning therapist's developing professional identity.     

TWO MODEL-BASED INFERENCE ARGUMENTS IN SURVEY SAMPLING

Which of the two model-based inference arguments in survey sampling is the “correct” one? The answer seems simple once the goal of the estimation procedure has been clearly defined, but the literature to date on the topic is inconclusive and likely to mislead sampling practitioners. On the one hand we have the approach used by a classical exponent of sampling theory such as Cochran (1977) in those rare instances where he does invoke a model, on the other hand we have the prediction approach formalized by Brewer (1963) and Roy all (1970). (The latter is also available in Bayesian and fiducial versions.) Both approaches are valid, but it is necessary to make a distinction between them. The results they yield are not always identical. In this paper we describe the differences between the two approaches and point to the conditions under which they agree or disagree.     

External Economic Variables Influencing the Economic Growth Rate of Seven Major Latin American Nations*

Cette étude etudie l'influence de l'investissement direct américan de même que l'aide étrangère américaine en Amérique latine sur le taux de croissance des diffé-rents pays. Plus particuliérement L'Alliance pour le Progrès fixa en 1961 comme objectif principal pour l'Amérique latine une croissance economique annuelle de 2.5 pour cent per capita. A la fin de 1967 cet objectif demeure encore hors de portée. Cette étude tente d'identifier les facteurs qui semblent empêcher l'Amé-rique latine d'attendre son objectif de croissance économique. The reported study attempts to identify the impact of American direct investment in Latin America and American foreign aid to Latin America upon the economic growth rate of such countries. More specifically, the Alliance for Progress set as its major goal in 1961 a 2.5 per cent per capita per annum increase in economic growth for Latin America. This goal had not been reached by the end of 1967. This study attempts to identify what variables seem to be preventing Latin America from reaching its economic growth goal.     

USE OF FAMILY IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND PSYCHOPATHIC PATIENTS*

Editor's Note. Occasionally, the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy will publish papers of major historical significance to the field of family therapy which, though written long before their appearance in the Journal, have remained unpublished and received little public circulation or attention. Such papers are those which, in the view of the Editor, would have been certain “classics” in the literature of family therapy had they been published when they were written, and which, despite their overdue appearance, are of significant enduring value. The first of these papers, by Dr. C. F Midelfort, appears here. Though essentially isolated from the family therapy movement that was soon to follow, Dr. Midelfort, in fact, published the first book on family therapy. The present article grows out of what was probably the first paper on family therapy ever presented at a psychiatric convention in the United States. In this paper, originally written almost exactly thirty years ago, Dr. Midelfort articulately presents a creative interweaving of an appreciation of the psychodynamics of family relationships with an ego-oriented family approach to severe psychiatric disturbance in one family member. It is an innovative presage of the flexible use of the principles of family dynamics, social psychiatry and biological psychiatry that has been “discovered” only very recently in family therapy with schizophrenics. The paper is introduced by Dr. John E. Bell, to whom the Journal is grateful for bringing it to light.     

Reconceptualizing the nature and consequences of part-time work

This article presents a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of part-time work on employees' attitudes and behaviors. A series of hypotheses also are presented to explain the varying consequences that different types of part-time employment arrangements, work-context factors, and demographic variables have on the experiences of part-time workers. Future issues for theory development and research methodology are discussed as well.     

Rationalizing branch banking

Large organizations and particularly organizations with the complex structure of branch banking, require time to change. The author does not suggest that there are any clear answers to the strategic planning problems facing branch banking. Today's advanced technology provides new tools to respond to change and progress. To do this accurate assessment of market segments, an effective internal management structure, efficient management and a level and quality of staff to use the new technology are required. This, in turn, will demand new recruitment and training methods.     

Measuring facial movement

A procedure has been developed for measuring visibly different facial movements. The Facial Action Code was derived from an analysis of the anatomical basis of facial movement. The method can be used to describe any facial movement (observed in photographs, motion picture film or videotape) in terms of anatomically based action units. The development of the method is explained, contrasting it to other methods of measuring facial behavior. An example of how facial behavior is measured is provided, and ideas about research applications are discussed.The research reported here was supported by a grant from NIMH, MH 167845. The authors are grateful to Wade Seaford, Dickinson College, for encouraging us to build our measurement system on the basis of specific muscular action. He convinced us that it would allow more precision, and that learning the anatomy would not be an overwhelming obstacle. Neither he nor we realized, however, how detailed and elaborate this undertaking would be. Seaford (1976) recently advanced some of the arguments we have made here about the value of an anatomically based measurement system. We are grateful also to those who first learned FAC and gave us many helpful suggestions as to how to improve the manual. We thank Linda Camras, Joe Hager, Harriet Oster, and Maureen O'Sullivan also for their comments on this report.