重绘山海民族的心灵史——评王志彬的《山海的缪斯：当代台湾少数民族文学研究》

20世纪90年代以降,随着两岸关系不断发展,两岸交流日益频繁,台湾少数民族文学逐渐进入大陆学者的研究视野,但研究者或是对个案作家或作品进行批评,或是论述民族文化与政治的关系之类,鲜有对台湾少数民族文学做出全景式论述之作.王志彬教授撰写的《山海的缪斯——当代台湾少数民族文学研究》(中国社会科学出版社2015年1月版)一书则对这一领域进行了深入研究.此书立足文本和作家际遇,考察了台湾少数民族文学与传统文化、现代社会以及文学环境与个人心态等多重因素,对台湾少数民族文学的发展做了细致的梳理,对其独特的审美品格进行了分析,并对其面临的后现代与传统的困境做出了较好地揭示.     

Language Background,Ethno‐Racial Origin,and Academic Achievement of Students at a Canadian University

Research conducted in Canada and the United States shows that the age of arrival of immigrant children, language spoken in the home, and ethno‐racial origin have consequences for English language acquisition and academic attainment. So far, however, the degree to which these factors have consequences for academic achievement at the post‐secondary level has scarcely been studied. In this study, it is found that the communication skills of university students who are the sons and daughters of immigrants, independent of length of time in Canada, are not as high as those of native‐born English‐speaking Canadians. Moreover, all else being equal, independent of length of time in the country, the university GPAs of immigrant and non‐European origin groups are generally lower than those of native‐born Canadians. Findings such as these suggest the presence of social and cultural processes at the family, community, and educational system level that continue to disadvantage identifiable groups of post‐secondary students.     

Feeling and finding on the register of suggestion: reflections on the 'event' of researching community mental health care

The paper posits an intervention in current debates around 'method making' in the social sciences, drawing on the experience of undertaking an ethnographic study of a community mental health team in East London. Theoretical recourse is made to the process philosophy of A.N. Whitehead and to the enduring provenance of the problem of 'suggestion' in the history of medicine and psychology. These offer rich and provocative theoretical resources with which to rethink the interpenetration of subject and object and 'feeling' and 'finding'. Whitehead's work provides a general philosophical framework whereby the ongoing subjective experience of the researcher can no longer be sharply demarcated from the 'data' encountered. Meanwhile the adoption of a 'register of suggestion' opens up insights into the inevitably selective and singular character of any given methodological procedure. It maintains the importance of affective factors at the forefront of analysis, and brings into focus the parts played by indeterminacy and risk in the research event.     

The Gender Pay Gap in the US: Does Sector Make a Difference?

Analyses of data from the 2000 US Census show that the gender pay gap differs by sector of employment and according to the part of the earnings distribution that is considered. The gender pay differential in the private sector in the US does not display either the glass ceiling or sticky floor effects that have been reported for many other countries. The government sector is, however, characterized by a distinct sticky floor effect in the female–male pay differential. Regardless of the sector of employment, females have lower hourly rates of pay than men across the entire earnings distribution.

李大钊人民群众观述论

人民群众观是关于人民群众是谁、如何看待人民群众、怎样处理与人民群众关系等一系列重大问题思想认识的理论形态。李大钊基于坚定的人民立场和真挚的人民情怀,以唯物史观为认识工具,以中国实际和中国革命进程为现实基础,以人的平等、自由、富庶为终极价值目标,以"平民主义"为核心范畴,构建起属于马克思主义谱系的人民群众观。在"Democracy"的多种汉译词语中,李大钊主选了"平民主义"。在李大钊的语境中,"平民"一指集合意义上的人民,二指占社会成员或国民绝大多数的普通民众,三指平等、自由之民。李大钊"平民"范畴的多义性决定了其"平民主义"意蕴的多维性。以"平民主义"为核心范畴的李大钊人民群众观的思想主张主要有:爱民忧民重民生,人民是历史的主体,人民是真正的英雄,人民亟需教育、组织和训练,没有妇女的解放就没有人类的解放,知识青年须走与民众相结合的道路等。李大钊是中国近现代之交新型人民群众观的开创者,是中国共产党人民群众观的奠基人。     

Who cares and how much: exploring the determinants of co-residential informal care

The importance of informal care provided inside the household (co-residential care) is widely acknowledged in policy circles. However, the factors that determine the likelihood and scale of provision are not fully understood. A two-part model (2PM) is used to investigate both participation and levels of provision. Random effects dynamic panel specifications are employed. Results show that co-residential informal care competes with other time demanding activities, such as childcare and employment. Wealthier individuals are less likely to be caregivers, whereas wealthier households have a higher tendency towards caregiving. Evidence of both substitution and complementarity is found between formal and informal care. Informal care and health status are significantly related, with carers more likely to report worse General Health Questionnaire scores than non-carers. Finally, significant dynamic effects are observed with the continuance of the provision of informal care being more likely than the initiation of such activity, while heavy commitment in the past increases the hours provided in the current period.

Infants' Processing of Featural and Configural Information in the Upper and Lower Halves of the Face

Three‐ to 4‐month‐old and 6‐ to 7‐month‐old infants were administered an infant version of the Face Dimensions Test that has been used with adults (e.g., Bukach, Le Grand, Kaiser, Bub, & Tanaka, 2008). Infants were familiarized with a photograph of a woman's face and then tested with the familiar face paired with a face differing in the (a) distance separating the eyes (a configural/eyes change), (b) distance between the nose and mouth (configural/mouth change), (c) size of the eyes (featural/eyes change), and (d) size of the mouth (featural/mouth change). Infants were shown to be more sensitive to (a) configural than featural change, and (b) change around the eyes versus the mouth. Implications for the development of face processing are discussed.     

Operational challenges in adaptive design implementation

Implementation of adaptive clinical trial designs raises challenges with regard to the processes by which accruing trial data is analyzed, reviewed, and acted upon. In line with current monitoring conventions, it should be viewed that inappropriate knowledge of interim results can raise concerns regarding maintaining trial integrity and interpretability of results. Here we discuss issues related to these processes in adaptive trials, and point out distinctions versus other more familiar monitoring situations. One topic involves the composition of the group of individuals who will have access to interim results in order to recommend adaptations. We discuss operational models for data review by this group; one question addressed is whether in adaptive trials a role in this process for a representative of the study sponsor could at times be warranted, and might be justified if adequate protections are in place. Another issue involves whether adaptations made based upon interim data can convey to observers an amount of information about the results, which could rise to a level of concern. We consider whether different types of adaptations might be more or less problematic with regard to this issue, and recommend steps that might be considered to mitigate this concern.