Bridging Scholarship in Management: Epistemological Reflections

If the relevance gap in management research is to be narrowed, management scholars must identify and adopt processes of inquiry that simultaneously achieve high rigour and high relevance. Research approaches that strive for relevance emphasize the particular at the expense of the general and approaches that strive for rigour emphasize the general over the particular. Inquiry that attains both rigour and relevance can be found in approaches to knowledge that involve a reasoned relationship between the particular and the general. Prominent among these are the works of Ikujiro Nonaka and John Dewey. Their epistemological foundations indicate the potential for a philosophy of science and a process of inquiry that crosses epistemological lines by synthesizing the particular and the general and by utilizing experience and theory, the implicit and the explicit, and induction and deduction. These epistemologies point to characteristics of a bridging scholarship that is problem-initiated and rests on expanded standards of validity. The present epistemological reflections are in search of new communities of knowing toward the production of relevant and rigorous management knowledge.     

Perception of Ecological Risk to Water Environments

This paper examines lay and expert perceptions of the ecological risks associated with a range of human activities that could adversely affect water resource environments. It employs the psychometric paradigm pioneered in characterizing perceptions of human health risks, which involves surveys to obtain judgments from subjects about risk items in terms of several important characteristics of the risks. The paper builds on a previous study that introduced ecological risk perception. This second study employs a larger, more diverse sample, a more focused topic area, and comparisons between lay and expert judgments. The results confirm that a small set of underlying factors explain a great deal of variability in lay judgments about ecological risks. These have been termed Ecological Impact, Human Benefits, Controllability , and Knowledge. The results are useful in explaining subjects' judgments of the general riskiness of, and need for regulation of, various risk items. The results also indicate several differences and areas of agreement among the lay and expert samples that point to potential key issues in future ecological risk management efforts for water resources.     

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私有化对电信服务商技术能力提高的影响

提出一个技术能力的评估框架,即4种与主要增值活动相关的技术能力(创新能力、设计与工程技术能力、市场营销与销售能力、服务能力)和4种与辅助增值活动相关的技术能力(获取资源能力、人力资源开发能力、战略计划能力、信息技术能力),并将其应用于斯里兰卡电信公司私有化前后的考察,得出私有化带来了技术能力显著提高的结论.     

论领导权结构、企业避税与会计信息可靠性的关系

以我国2013—2015年沪深两市A股类上市公司为样本,运用相关性分析和回归分析,以消除应计利润影响后的会计—税收差异作为衡量企业避税指标,用盈余激进度衡量会计信息可靠性,分析企业避税程度与会计信息可靠性的关系,并进行了稳健性检验。结果表明,企业避税程度对会计信息可靠性起负面作用。在此基础上,进一步梳理了领导权结构、企业避税与会计信息可靠性的关系,研究发现,相比两职合一的公司,企业避税程度对会计信息可靠性的负面作用主要体现在两职分离的公司。这对于深入研究企业避税与会计信息可靠性的关系具有一定的借鉴意义,可为完善公司治理机制、提高会计信息可靠性提供一定的思路借鉴和决策参考。     

提升高校学术期刊国际影响力的路径简析

高校学术期刊是衡量一个国家科技创新水平和综合国力的重要标志。在信息技术革新不断加深的今天,提升高校学术期刊国际影响力既是适应时代发展的需要,也是促进国家文化软实力发展的需要。目前,我国高校学术期刊存在着英文期刊数量偏少、中文期刊质量参差不齐、对论文质量把控不严等问题,国际影响力难以有效提升。为了不断提升期刊的国际影响力,我国高校学术期刊需要做到：积极参与国家重点项目,获得国家政策的有效支持;通过外引内联提升国际知名度,努力吸引优秀的国际论文;严把论文质量关,提供高质量高水平的学术论文;与新媒体合作,共享最新科研成果。只有这样,我国高校学术期刊才能不断提高自身学术质量,积极参与国际学术交流,实现期刊国际影响力的有效跃升。     

试论西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换

西方人类学对于"仪式"的研究,从早期的"神话—仪式"学派,到后来的功能主义学派、结构主义学派,再到象征主义学派,将仪式研究从原来视野相对狭窄的宗教神话领域逐步扩展到更为宏阔的社会生活领域。在此过程中,西方人类学仪式研究形成了一套较为完整的人类学仪式研究的知识谱系,完成了西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换。     

Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for the Population Cell Means,for Two-by-Two Factorial Data,that Utilize Uncertain Prior Information

Consider a two-by-two factorial experiment with more than one replicate. Suppose that we have uncertain prior information that the two-factor interaction is zero. We describe new simultaneous frequentist confidence intervals for the four population cell means, with simultaneous confidence coefficient 1 ? α, that utilize this prior information in the following sense. These simultaneous confidence intervals define a cube with expected volume that (a) is relatively small when the two-factor interaction is zero and (b) has maximum value that is not too large. Also, these intervals coincide with the standard simultaneous confidence intervals obtained by Tukey’s method, with simultaneous confidence coefficient 1 ? α, when the data strongly contradict the prior information that the two-factor interaction is zero. We illustrate the application of these new simultaneous confidence intervals to a real data set.     

Attenuating Initial Beliefs: Increasing the Acceptance of Anthropogenic Climate Change Information by Reflecting on Values

Anthropogenic climate change information tends to be interpreted against the backdrop of initial environmental beliefs, which can lead to some people being resistant toward the information. In this article (N = 88), we examined whether self‐affirmation via reflection on personally important values could attenuate the impact of initial beliefs on the acceptance of anthropogenic climate change evidence. Our findings showed that initial beliefs about the human impact on ecological stability influenced the acceptance of information only among nonaffirmed participants. Self‐affirmed participants who were initially resistant toward the information showed stronger beliefs in the existence of climate change risks and greater acknowledgment that individual efficacy has a role to play in reducing climate change risks than did their nonaffirmed counterparts.     

Developing Age-Friendly Cities: Case Studies From Brussels and Manchester and Implications for Policy and Practice

Developing environments responsive to the aspirations of older people has become a major concern for social and public policy. Policies and programs directed at achieving “age-friendly” communities are considered to require a wide range of interventions, including actions at the level of the social and physical environment. This article compares the age-friendly approaches of two European cities, Brussels and Manchester, with a particular focus on policies and initiatives that promote active aging in an urban context. The article examines, first, the demographic, social, and multicultural contexts of Brussels and Manchester; second, the way in which both cities became members of the World Health Organization Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities; third, similarities and differences in the age-friendly approaches and actions adopted by both cities; and fourth, opportunities and barriers to the implementation of age-friendly policies. The article concludes by discussing the key elements and resources needed to develop age-friendly cities.