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181.
Cost–benefit analysis is a common method for evaluating the social economic impact of transport projects, and in many of these projects the saving of human lives is an issue. This implies, within the framework of cost–benefit analysis, that a monetary value should be attached to saving human lives. This paper discusses the ‘Value of a Statistical Life’ (VoSL), a concept that is often used for monetising safety effects, in the context of road safety. Firstly, the concept of ‘willingness to pay’ for road safety and its relation to the VoSL are explained. The VoSL approach will be compared to other approaches to monetise safety effects, in particular the human capital approach and ‘quality adjusted life years’. Secondly, methods to estimate the VoSL and their applicability to road safety will be discussed. Thirdly, the paper reviews the VoSL estimates that have been found in scientific research and compares them with the values that are used in policy evaluations. Finally, a VoSL study in the Netherlands will be presented as a case study, and its applicability in policy evaluation will be illustrated. 相似文献
182.
Felix Brandt Maria Chudnovsky Ilhee Kim Gaku Liu Sergey Norin Alex Scott Paul Seymour Stephan Thomassé 《Social Choice and Welfare》2013,40(3):739-743
In 1990, motivated by applications in the social sciences, Thomas Schwartz made a conjecture about tournaments which would have had numerous attractive consequences. In particular, it implied that there is no tournament with a partition A, B of its vertex set, such that every transitive subset of A is in the out-neighbour set of some vertex in B, and vice versa. But in fact there is such a tournament, as we show in this article, and so Schwartz’ conjecture is false. Our proof is non-constructive and uses the probabilistic method. 相似文献
183.
Jack Katz 《The American Sociologist》2009,40(1-2):36-37
184.
Paul A. Datti 《The Career development quarterly》2009,58(1):54-64
Incorporating J. D. Krumboltz's (1979) social learning theory of career decision making, the author explores career development issues for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (GLBTQ) adolescents and young adults. Unique challenges for the GLBTQ population are discussed, specific recommendations for effective career counseling with this population are outlined, and suggestions for future research are presented. 相似文献
185.
The notion of cross-product ratio for discrete two-way contingency table is extended to the case of continuous bivariate densities. This results in the “local dependence function” that measues the margin-free dependence between bivariate random variables. Properties and examples of the dependence function are discussed. The bivariate normal density plays a special role since it has constant dependence. Continuous bivariate densities can be constructed by specifying the dependence function along with two marginals in analogy to the construction of two-way contingency tables given marginals and patterns of interaction. The dependence function provides a partial ordering on bivariate dependence. 相似文献
186.
187.
Peter Ferentzy Wayne Skinner Paul Antze 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):487-501
This paper examines changing spousal roles and their effects upon recovery in Gamblers Anonymous (GA). It is based upon a
qualitative study designed to gage uniformity as well as variations in approaches to recovery in GA. Interviews were conducted
with 39 GA members (26 men, 13 women; mean age 56.5 years). Though the study was based in the Toronto area, only 13 interviews
involved participants from that region. Phone interviews were conducted with GA members from various regions of both Canada
and the US. GamAnon, GA’s sister fellowship, has been designed for anyone affected seriously by someone’s gambling problem.
In practice, GamAnon comprises mostly women––spouses of male GA members––who traditionally have taken a keen interest in the
ways in which their husbands achieve and maintain abstinence from gambling. Changing spousal roles have led to fewer women
joining GamAnon, as many opt instead to part with troubled spouses. As well, more women are attending GA than in the past,
typically with husbands who are disinclined to join GamAnon. All of this has drastically altered how GA members pursue recovery.
These changes and their implications are discussed. 相似文献
188.
Paul V. Stock 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(3):277-291
Creative endeavors often resemble one another. This paper explores similarities between sociology and art based on the use
of conventions and creativity. More specifically, by comparing the construction of musical mix tapes, the author draws parallels
between creating sociology and mix tapes. Looking at the process of how a mix tape is created using other artists’ songs and
music for a specified purpose illuminates sociology and our roles as sociologists in a new light that leaves open new possibilities. 相似文献
189.
A longitudinal analysis of family migration and the gender gap in earnings in the united states and great britain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article uses longitudinal data for the United States and Great Britain to examine the impact of residential mobility
and childbirth on the earnings of women, their family earnings, and the related division of earnings by gender. This project
is the _ rst to compare explicitly the impact of childbirth and family migration on women’s earnings, and it extends prior
cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on isolated countries by providing a direct contrast between two major industrialized
nations, using comparable measures. The results indicate that families respond in similar ways in both countries to migration
and childbirth. In response to both migration and childbirth, women’s earnings fall at the time of the event and recover slowly
afterward, but the magnitude of the impact is roughly twice as large for childbirth as for migration. However, migration but
not the birth of a child is also associated with a significant increase in total family earnings because of increased husbands’
earnings. As a result, the effect of migration on the relative earnings of wives to husbands is similar to the effect of childbirth.
These results suggest that family migration should be given consideration in the literature on the gender earnings gap. 相似文献
190.
One thousand and thirty‐two (566 non‐Asian; 466 Asian) undergraduates were assessed in a confidential laboratory setting regarding levels of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and a wide range of sexuality variables. The purpose was to examine relationships between specific forms of early abuse and later adult sexuality, and to assess potential gender and ethnic differences in these associations. Independent of other forms of abuse, sexual abuse in females was significantly positively related to sexual drive and experience, range of sexual fantasies, liberal sexual attitudes, frequency of intercourse and masturbation, and likelihood of engaging in unrestricted sexual behaviors and fantasies, and was negatively related to virginity status. Among males, emotional abuse was significantly associated with poor body image and sexual dissatisfaction, independent of the other forms of abuse. There were no significant differences in associations between early abuse and sexuality between persons of Southeast Asian and European ancestry. 相似文献