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991.
Data measuring respondents’ knowledge of HIV's transmission routes was obtained via a statewide RDD sample of 603 Nevadans to determine if disease knowledge influences respondent efforts to socially and physically distance themselves from a hypothetical HIV-positive person. Four separate dependent variables (scenarios) are created in which the geographic distance between the respondent and a hypothetical HIV-positive person decreases; while, at the same time, physical personal contact, or potential for contact, increases. Findings show 84.2% of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of HIV transmission routes, and the majority felt comfortable across all four social scenarios. However, multiple logistic regression analyses indicate that respondents with sufficient knowledge of how HIV is transmitted are significantly more comfortable with casual social interactions than those respondents with insufficient knowledge. The results from this study confirm the importance of HIV-knowledge as a tool to combat AIDS-related stigma. 相似文献
992.
Paul Bagguley 《The Sociological review》1995,43(4):693-719
In 1989–90 a regressive local tax, the Community Charge or poll tax as it became known, was introduced by the Conservative government. Its implementation was met by widespread sometimes violent protest, and a systematic campaign of non-payment. In response the tax was replaced by the more progressive Council Tax. This paper considers the nature of the anti-poll tax protest. Its social base, forms of organisation and tactics are considered in relation to theoretical debates about new social movements and poor people's movements. 相似文献
993.
Married couples who began their relationship by cohabiting appear to face an increased risk of marital dissolution, which may be due to self-selection of more dissolution-prone individuals into cohabitation before marriage. This paper uses newly developed econometric methods to explicitly address the endogeneity of cohabitation before marriage in the hazard of marital disruption by allowing the unobserved heterogeneity components to be correlated across the decisions to cohabit and to end a marriage. These methods are applied to data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. We find significant heterogeneity in both cohabitation and marriage disruption, and discover evidence of self-selection into cohabitation. 相似文献
994.
Paul Michael Garrett 《European Journal of Social Work》2004,7(1):57-71
Given the rise of a ‘surveillance society’ or ‘surveillance state’, this article examines the evolution of new surveillant practices which are targeted at children in general, but also particular groups of children who are frequently seen as ‘troublesome’, even threats to the social order. In England for example, there has been an emerging preoccupation with ‘identifying’, ‘profiling’, and ‘tracking’ the potentially criminal young. Furthermore, other major changes are likely to be introduced in the area of child welfare and child protection. Important here is the New Labour administration’s plan to introduce ‘information hubs’ which will electronically log details on children and families. It is argued that social work and the social professions, throughout Europe, need to critically analyse developments such as this and have their responses informed by international discourses founded on civil and human rights. 相似文献
995.
Philip Rees Paul Norman Dominic Brown 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2004,167(1):5-36
Summary. The paper presents a framework for small area population estimation that enables users to select a method that is fit for the purpose. The adjustments to input data that are needed before use are outlined, with emphasis on developing consistent time series of inputs. We show how geographical harmonization of small areas, which is crucial to comparisons over time, can be achieved. For two study regions, the East of England and Yorkshire and the Humber, the differences in output and consequences of adopting different methods are illustrated. The paper concludes with a discussion of how data, on stream since 1998, might be included in future small area estimates. 相似文献
996.
Michael De Cesare 《The American Sociologist》2003,34(3):73-96
The emphasis in sociology Ph.D. programs continues to be on training researchers rather than teachers. This is a serious mistake,
given the overwhelming proportion of students who go on to academic careers that require at least some time in the classroom.
Departments that offer some type of graduate training in teaching focus almost exclusively on the students’ mastery of pedagogical
strategies—tools, tips, and techniques for improving their instruction. But this approach neglects students’ assumptions about
sociology as a discipline—or their sociological orientations—that underlie and inform their pedagogical choices. This paper
explicates the relationship between sociological orientation and pedagogical practice, and asserts that graduate students
need to consider their orientation to the discipline before stepping inside a classroom. This may be effectively accomplished
through a required year-long seminar to be taken during the second year of graduate study. The first semester would be devoted
to the issues, debates, and questions that currently characterize the discipline. The second would consider the “nuts and
bolts” of teaching, and how pedagogical practice derives from sociological orientation. Students would also work as teaching
assistants before, during, and after completing the seminar. They would then be required to teach at least one course of their
choice before graduating. During this first teaching experience, each graduate student would work closely with a faculty mentor.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2003 annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society. I wish to thank
Michael Lewis, Joya Misra, Afshan Jafar, Brian Kapitulik, and the editor of the American Sociologist for their help in improving this paper. 相似文献
997.
In this article we provide saddlepoint approximations for some important models of circular data. The particularity of these saddlepoint approximations is that they do not require solving the saddlepoint equation iteratively, so their evaluation is immediate. We first give very accurate approximations to P-values, critical values and power functions for some optimal tests regarding the concentration parameter under wrapped symmetric α-stable and circular normal models. Then, we consider an approximation to the distribution of a projection of the two-dimensional Pearson random walk with exponential step sizes. 相似文献
998.
Various diagnostic statistics have been proposed to help identify cases that markedly affect, or influence, the features of a fitted linear regression model. Once influential cases are found, decisions can be made regarding their worth in the model building process. Since a subject data set may contain both singly influential cases and influential multiple case subsets, the capability to assess the joint influence of cases is needed for a complete analysis. The aim of this work is to briefly review Cook’s distance measure for multiple cases, an effective diagnostic for this purpose, and present a method using it to search for influential multiple case subsets. The method is applied in two example analyses by way of a MINITAB Statistical Software macro. 相似文献
999.
Michael T. Molla Jennifer H. Madans Diane K. Wagener 《Population and development review》2004,30(4):625-646
This study examines mortality differentials and health disparities between educational groups within the 1998 adult population (ages 25 and older) in the United States. Mortality differentials are measured using average life expectancy and health disparities by expected years without activity limitation. The results indicate that for both sexes, higher education is associated with higher life expectancy. Those with higher levels of education also have higher life expectancy without activity limitation. Adults with higher education can also expect to enjoy a greater percentage of their expected lives free of any form of activity limitation. At each level of education, adult females have a higher level of activity limitation compared to adult males. At the same level of education, adult females expect to enjoy smaller percentages of their remaining lives free of activity limitation compared to adult males of the same age. 相似文献
1000.