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101.
Peter d'Abbs 《The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology》2019,20(3):213-231
In recent decades a style of preparing and drinking tea modelled largely on gongfu tea associated with the Chaoshan region of north-eastern Guangdong Province, China, has been taken up as a contemporary tea art in Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland and elsewhere. This paper draws on fieldwork conducted in Chaoshan to examine gongfu tea as contemporary practice in its home setting. Three aspects are considered: gongfu tea as an everyday practice, as a refined practice, and as commercialised leisure in tea-houses. I argue that, as an everyday practice in Chaoshan, gongfu tea primarily serves to nourish social connectedness with family, friends and associates. It is regarded as an integral part of day-to-day life rather than a tea art. However, some people separate it from the everyday world by cultivating discernment and knowledge with regard to selected aspects, such as high-quality teapots or appreciation of different teas. 相似文献
102.
Peter McDonald Helen Moyle Jeromey Temple 《The Australian journal of social issues》2019,54(2):112-134
Using Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade. 相似文献
103.
This paper presents an inventory problem related to the one-period stochastic inventory (or “newsboy”) problem. In this problem, the firm has to decide how much product to order to meet a random one-period demand. The version of the problem presented is novel in two respects. First, demand is explicitly permitted to be negative, and second, the penalty (or shortage) cost is assumed to be independent of the magnitude of the shortage. This situation is shown to change the form of the cost function and to complicate the determination of optimal policies. The form of the optimal policy is developed, and two example problems are presented in some detail. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
The article is the first attempt in assessment of the development and the present situation of social structure and stratification
in Slovakia. Its principal aim is to develop the profile of the present society in Slovakia, which reflects the pace and complexity
of the transformation process and its impact on society. Processing of Micro census data from 2003 led to creation of the
profile of society in Slovakia at the national level based on income distribution but also knowledge on regional societies
and differences between them were obtained. It was found out that the present profile of the society in Slovakia is pear-shaped
which means strong representation of lower strata and weaker representation of higher middle and high strata. The profile
disclosed some specific features and inconsistencies in the present society of Slovakia, which were, and still are determined
by many non standard past and present phenomena and processes often disguised by reforms. The information drawn in regions
has facilitated identification of the basic nature and structure of regional societies, some of their specific features and
negative elements and to demonstrate their highly differentiated character.
相似文献
Peter PodolákEmail: |
107.
The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural
bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale.
In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods
in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal
anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item
measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives
of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape
Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures
of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively
correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting
a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents
to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined
the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type
who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period
of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type
whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives,
then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives,
it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects
of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural
validity.
相似文献
Jan BernheimEmail: |
108.
The City of Saskatoon’s Local Area Planning (LAP) Program is a community-based approach to developing comprehensive neighbourhood
plans. In order to achieve sustainable and implementable Local Area Plans (LAPs), the City of Saskatoon has been using innovative
methods of collaborative decision-making to engage citizens. The program has been recognized nationally by the Federation
of Canadian Municipalities for demonstrating innovative approaches to citizen engagement in Sustainable Community Planning.
A total of eight LAPs have been adopted by City Council and 212 recommendations have been approved, with 101 of these recommendations
being completed, 71 currently in progress and 40 to be determined. Great strides have been made to implement the LAPs by allocating
resources for coordinating implementation, working with communities, and for implementing the various recommendations. In
addition, over 1,000 people representing various interests have participated in one or more LAP Committee or implementation
meetings. Through this participation, partnerships have been formed, program and service delivery has been improved, and most
importantly, communities have taken ownership of their plans. After completing eight LAPs, the LAP communities, City Council
and city planners have felt the need to measure ongoing changes and progress in the LAP communities. In recognition of this,
the City of Saskatoon’s City Planning Branch will be working with LAP communities, the Community-University Institute for
Social Research (CUISR) and other stakeholders to develop a framework for statistically measuring changes in LAP communities
and to monitor “Neighbourhood Success Factors”. The Neighbourhood Success Factors will work to detect serious socio-economic
conditions before they reach a point of crisis. This paper will first describe the LAP Program before reviewing the proposed
framework for statistically measuring changes in Saskatoon’s neighbourhoods.
相似文献
Kelley MooreEmail: |
109.
Following the release of the Intergenerational Report, the Australian Treasury identified the levers to address the economic
effects of demographic ageing as ‘the three Ps’: population, participation and productivity. To date, the first ‘P’, population,
has been treated as an exogenous factor, with the common view being that there is very little that the government can do to
supplant demographic ageing. Focusing upon labour supply, this paper shows how variation in Australia’s underlying demography
can significantly alter Australia’s future labour supply. Although governments cannot redirect the cohort flow component of
population ageing, much can be achieved in promoting growth of the labour supply by maintaining or increasing fertility (in
the longer term), or increasing targeted migration (in the short to medium term). This paper also decomposes the relative
role of cohort flow, changing demography and changing labour force participation on the growth of the labour supply over the
past 20 years. Over this period, the entry of the baby boom generation (cohort flow) and increased labour force participation
of women accounted for almost all of the growth in the labour force. Changing demography had very little effect. However,
Australias future labour supply will not include a large increase in cohort flow (as caused by the baby boomers) or a very
large increase in female labour force participation. Regardless of the assumptions used, labour supply growth will be considerably
lower in the next and subsequent 20 years, when compared to the previous 20. 相似文献
110.
We analyse the profile of potential emigrants from Albania using data from the Central and Eastern Europe Eurobarometer in
1992. Respondents were asked to rate on a four-point scale the likelihood that they would go to live in Western Europe. Our
results show that intention to emigrate is correlated positively with males, education and certain occupations, and negatively
with age. There is little relation between emigration and income. Those who support the introduction of a free market in Albania
are also more likely to emigrate than those who do not.
Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 17 April 2000 相似文献