基于“粮食安全视角”的耕地面积需求分析——以陕西省为例

＂粮食安全＂是关系到国家发展与社会稳定的基本问题。在影响粮食安全的众多因素中,＂耕地面积＂是否重要,粮食安全是否需要既定耕地面积地保障,学术界在这些问题上一直存在较多的争议。文章利用陕西省相关社会统计数据,对陕西省＂粮食安全＂与＂耕地面积＂的关系进行了实证分析,并在此基础上预测出粮食安全的前提下一定时期陕西省所需耕地面积。研究结果表明：1990~2009年间陕西省粮食生产与耕地面积相关,但耕地面积并不是影响粮食生产的主要因素;在保持现有耕地面积相对稳定的基础上,依靠科技进步,提高粮食单产,是该省未来增强粮食生产能力的主要方向;按照以往技术进步比率计算,在保证粮食安全的前提下,2020、2030年陕西省保障粮食安全所需的耕地面积分别约为3 379.91千公顷、3 266.38千公顷。     

Commercially arranged marriage and the negotiation of citizenship rights among Vietnamese marriage migrants in multiracial Singapore

Globalization and increased mobilities have multiplied cross-border transactions not only in the economic sphere but have also a major impact on human relationships of intimacy. This can be seen in the increased volume of differently mediated forms of international marriage, not just straddling ‘east’ and ‘west’, but within Asia and across different ethnicities and nationalities. International marriage raises a host of social issues for countries of origin and destination, including challenges relating to the citizenship status and rights of the marriage migrant. This paper examines the negotiation of citizenship rights in the case of commercially matched marriage migrants – namely Vietnamese women who marry Singaporean men and migrate to Singapore as ‘foreign brides’. While they are folded into the ‘family’ – what is often thought of as the basic building block of the nation in Asian societies – they are not necessarily accorded full incorporation into the ‘nation’ despite Singapore's claims to multiculturalism. This is particularly salient at a point when cross-nationality, cross-ethnicity marriages between Singapore citizens and non-citizens are on the increase, accounting for over a third of marriages registered in Singapore in recent years. Vietnamese women who marry Singaporeans are positioned within the nation-state's citizenship regime as dependents of Singaporean men, having to rely on the legitimacy of the marriage relationship as well as the whims of their husbands in negotiating their rights vis-à-vis the Singapore state. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic work with 20 Vietnamese women who are commercially matched marriage migrants, the paper first focuses on the vulnerable positions these women find themselves, particularly given difficulties in forging their own support networks as well as weaknesses of the civil society sector in what has been called an ‘illiberal democracy’ characterized by a political culture of ‘non-resistance’. The paper then goes on to examine the way they negotiate rights to residency/citizenship, work and children within webs of asymmetrical power relations within the family and the nation-state. We draw on our findings to show that citizenship is ‘a terrain of struggle’ within a multicultural nation-state shaped by social ideologies of gender, race and class and negotiated on an everyday basis within spheres of family intimacy.     

量刑情节的构成理论初探

从总体上讲,对量刑情节构成理论的研究还相当薄弱.通过与犯罪构成要件的类比,可以对研究量刑情节构成要件的必要性,以及量刑情节构成要件的界定、类型、具体构造等得出初步结论.量刑情节的构成要件与量刑情节的功能设定之间具有互动性:量刑情节的功能定位越明确,量刑情节的构成要件设置也应越清晰;反之,量刑情节的构成要件弹性越大,量刑情节的功能也就不确定.     

云南省人口承载力分析

中国第六次人口普查数据显示,全省总人口数为459 662 39人,规模巨大,而且16个州市的总人口区域分布极不平衡。昆明市是人口高度聚集的区域,总人口643.2万人,迪庆藏族自治州40.0万人,昆明总人口比迪庆藏族自治州16倍还多。本文以整个云南省的粮食产量、国内生产总值(GDP)来代表影响人口地理区域分布最大的两个因子:即种植业产量产值以及人均收入水平,并用云南省粮食的产量和人均GDP两个指标分别计算出云南各县(市、区)的抚养能力,也就是用土地资源的人口承载力来代表区域的自然人口容量、用GDP的人口容量代表经济人口容量。然后评价了云南省129个县(市、区)的人口承载情况,目的在于优化云南省人口区域分布结构,以实现云南人口、资源、环境、社会经济协调发展。     

Students‘ perceptions of professional social work ethics and the need for the development of competence-based ethics standards in undergraduate training program in Vietnam

As a newly recognized profession in Vietnam over the last two decades social work has undergone significant development, both in training and practice. However, there are many challenges in its professionalization, in which ethics plays a key role. This article presents the key findings of a study about students‘ perceptions of ethics and developing competence-based ethical standards in social work programs. It first analyses the students‘ attitudes and understanding of professional ethics. Second, it clarifies the situation of ethics education in training institutions. Finally, it provides suggestions for the implementation of social work competence-based ethical standards for Vietnam and beyond.     

Impacts of off‐farm employment on welfare,food security and poverty: Evidence from rural Vietnam

How off‐farm employment can enhance welfare in terms of food consumption and poverty alleviation is a critical question facing many developing countries. This study addressed that question by pursuing two objectives: (i) to quantify the impact of off‐farm employment on rural households’ welfare, food security and poverty; and (ii) to examine the factors that affect their decision to work off‐farm. Using panel data, we estimated a difference‐in‐difference combined with a propensity score matching model. The findings show that off‐farm employment improves income, ensures food security and contributes to poverty alleviation. The results also show that age, marital status, education, labour, financial capital, land, location, market access and losses from natural disasters are significant contributing factors to the decision to participate in off‐farm employment. The findings suggest that to improve the welfare of rural households, the Vietnamese government should proceed with policies that enhance their opportunities for participation in off‐farm employment.     

集装箱码头堆场取箱时间窗优化研究

码头堆场是供装卸船舶存放集装箱的场所,同时也是向货主交接集装箱的地方.由于取箱车辆到达时间的不确定性,码头运营方需要在堆场进行大量的翻箱作业,消耗大量的劳动成本.首先对码头取箱时间窗优化机制进行了说明,构建了码头方补助金函数与车辆方的成本函数,获得了车辆方取箱的到达率函数,进而得到了码头方的翻箱次数公式.然后,描述了集...     

对民族地区群众文化需求和基本权益问题的思考——以云南为例

加强公共文化服务建设是繁荣发展社会主义先进文化、构建社会主义和谐社会的主要途径,对于促进人的全面发展,提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化体系,建设富强文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家,具有重大意义。但如果公共文化需求与服务之间不对应,就会导致权益得不到保障。对区域所表现出的公共文化需求的差异化,需要加以高度重视,这是促进社会和谐发展的保障条件。     

论潘耒的治史主张

对于<明史>修纂,清初史家潘耒在<修明史议>中提出八条主张,即"搜采欲博,考证欲精;职任欲分,义例欲一;秉笔欲直,持论欲平;岁月欲宽,卷帙欲简",涉及史料采集、史事考证、分工合作、修纂义例、史家立场、评判原则、修纂期限、史书卷帙等,对于当时<明史>和后来的<清史>修纂都具有一定的指导意义.     

约瑟夫·奈的软权力理论在中国的流行和命运

约瑟夫·奈的软权力学说提出了与硬权力相对的软权力的概念,阐述了它的主要内容及其在国际事务中的作用。奈的软权力学说有其自身的理论缺陷,而中国也出现了对其生吞活剥地解读的倾向,因此,有必要对奈的软权力学说的认识进行审视和整理。