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131.
Philip G. Brabazon Bart MacCarthy Andrew Woodcock Robert W. Hawkins 《Production and Operations Management》2010,19(5):489-502
Mass customization has been viewed as desirable but difficult to achieve in the volume automotive sector. Here we consider flexibility in automotive order fulfillment systems to enhance the ability to satisfy customers with their desired vehicle variants within acceptable delivery lead times. Two types of flexibility are compared in a Virtual‐Build‐to‐Order system—reconfiguration in the planning pipeline and interdealer trading. A representative simulation model is used to investigate the impact of the two types of flexibility across a wide spectrum of product variety levels. The impacts on major stakeholders in the system—the producer, dealers, and customers—are considered. The study shows that both types of flexibilities can bring significant benefits in terms of reductions in lead time and inventory holding. The level of product variety strongly influences the observed effects—an important finding in the mass customization context. Upstream reconfiguration flexibility brings greater benefits than downstream trading flexibility. Reconfiguration tends to dominate trading as a fulfillment mechanism when both are in operation. The findings have implications for the design and management of automotive order fulfillment systems in improving their ability to offer mass customization. The study has relevance for companies in other sectors with high levels of variety that seek to combine efficiency, speed, and flexibility in order fulfillment. 相似文献
132.
This article highlights the centrality of language in early childhood development and the potential for language delays to negatively affect long-term outcomes in educational and social domains. Given the high rate of language delays in the foster care population, an emphasis should be placed on assessing language skills among children ages 6 and younger entering foster care. The authors describe several existing approaches to assessing language skills and discuss obstacles to the widespread implementation of systematic evaluation among foster children. Finally, the authors discuss the need for research and programming to establish evidence-based practices that encourage the remediation of language delays in this highly vulnerable population. 相似文献
133.
Buchanan-Barker P Barker PJ 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2006,44(9):29-33
The concept of recovery is an important part of contemporary mental health services. During the past 5 years, Tidal Model projects, focused on developing the recovery attitude within nursing practice, have been established in several different countries. The Tidal model emphasizes 10 philosophical assumptions the "Ten Commitments," that are central to recovery-focused practice. 相似文献
134.
Steven Berry Amit Gandhi Philip Haile 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2013,81(5):2087-2111
We consider the invertibility (injectivity) of a nonparametric nonseparable demand system. Invertibility of demand is important in several contexts, including identification of demand, estimation of demand, testing of revealed preference, and economic theory exploiting existence of an inverse demand function or (in an exchange economy) uniqueness of Walrasian equilibrium prices. We introduce the notion of “connected substitutes” and show that this structure is sufficient for invertibility. The connected substitutes conditions require weak substitution between all goods and sufficient strict substitution to necessitate treating them in a single demand system. The connected substitutes conditions have transparent economic interpretation, are easily checked, and are satisfied in many standard models. They need only hold under some transformation of demand and can accommodate many models in which goods are complements. They allow one to show invertibility without strict gross substitutes, functional form restrictions, smoothness assumptions, or strong domain restrictions. When the restriction to weak substitutes is maintained, our sufficient conditions are also “nearly necessary” for even local invertibility. 相似文献
135.
Philip Prescott 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(5):763-784
In practical situations involving mixtures formed from several ingredients, interest is sometimes centered on the response in an ellipsoidal neighborhood around a standard formulation. We show that standard, orthogonally blocked, response surface designs, defined on a q ? 1 dimensional unit sphere, may be transformed into similarly orthogonally blocked q-ingredient mixture designs defined within an ellipsoid centered at the standard formulation. The method is illustrated using several examples of mixture experiments with three, four, and five ingredients, arranged in two, three, or four orthogonal blocks, obtained by projecting standard central composite designs and Box–Behnken designs into the ellipsoidal mixture region. Rotations of the resulting designs within the ellipsoidal regions are also considered. 相似文献
136.
To assess the efficacy of a treatment, patients are administered a pre-test, the treatment, and a post-test (identical to the pre-test). These patients are then categorized according to their outcomes observed on both tests,e.g., (S,S), (S,F), etc. Also, we observe "incomplete" information on the pre-tests' outcomes for some patients and the results of only the post-test being known for thers, A Bayesian framework is fit to the problem and Bayes factors, posterior odds ratios, and utility functions are given to evaluate th e treatment, A method of assessing the prior distribution is specified and a numerical example is worked. 相似文献
137.
Philip Byrne 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(6):1935-1943
When a covariance matrix has a pattern associated with a stationary time series on the errors, it is shown how certain hypothesis testing problems In multivariate analysis can be transformed into a product of two similar multivariate problems that each involve unpatterned covariance matrices. 相似文献
138.
These Fortran-77 subroutines provide building blocks for Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) (Craven and Wahba, 1979) calculations in data analysis and data smoothing including ridge regression (Golub, Heath, and Wahba, 1979), thin plate smoothing splines (Wahba and Wendelberger, 1980), deconvolution (Wahba, 1982d), smoothing of generalized linear models (O'sullivan, Yandell and Raynor 1986, Green 1984 and Green and Yandell 1985), and ill-posed problems (Nychka et al., 1984, O'sullivan and Wahba, 1985). We present some of the types of problems for which GCV is a useful method of choosing a smoothing or regularization parameter and we describe the structure of the subroutines.Ridge Regression: A familiar example of a smoothing parameter is the ridge parameter X in the ridge regression problem which we write. 相似文献
139.
Thomas R. Willemain Ali Allahverdi Philip Desautels Janine ldredge Ozden Gur Gregory Panos 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(4):1043-1075
We compare the performance of seven robust estimators for the parameter of an exponential distribution. These include the debiased median and two optimally-weighted one-sided trimmed means. We also introduce four new estimators: the Transform, Bayes, Scaled and Bicube estimators. We make the Monte Carlo comparisons for three sample sizes and six situations. We evaluate the comparisons in terms of a new performance measure, Mean Absolute Differential Error (MADE), and a premium/protection interpretation of MADE. We organize the comparisons to enhance statistical power by making maximal use of common random deviates. The Transform estimator provides the best performance as judged by MADE. The singly-trimmed mean and Transform method define the efficient frontier of premium/protection. 相似文献
140.
A number of robust methods for testing variability have been reported in previous literature. An examination of these procedures for a wide variety of populations confirms their general robustness. Shoemaker's improvement of the F test extends that test use to a realistic variety of population shapes. However, a combination of the Brown–Forsythe and O'Brien methods based on testing kurtosis is shown to be conservative for a wide range of sample sizes and population distributions. The composite test is also shown to be more powerful in most conditions than other conservative procedures. 相似文献