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51.
52.
Philippe Caill 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1981,7(3):281-290
The purpose of this paper is to stress our belief that therapeutic intervention does not have the power to create durable, predetermined changes in human systems. Still, a number of therapists seem to feel that certain adjustments are necessary if improvement is to occur and try to convince families to adopt them. Such partial moves ignore the question of what has prevented the family from discovering such beneficial adaptations on its own.
We suggest that the basic rules of the family prohibit it from changing. Tb stimulate the inherent healing capacities of human systems, a preferable goal might be to validate the present functioning of the family through an understanding of the different levels of its self perception (phenomenological model, mythical model). If this is done effectively, a possible reformulation of the relationship is truly facilitated. Relations between the participants will continue, but will no longer be what they were before. The effectiveness of the intervention is confirmed by the appearance of new beliefs, new perceptions. Any behavioral modifications shown by family members are logical consequences of their new conception of the relationship, not the causes of it. 相似文献
We suggest that the basic rules of the family prohibit it from changing. Tb stimulate the inherent healing capacities of human systems, a preferable goal might be to validate the present functioning of the family through an understanding of the different levels of its self perception (phenomenological model, mythical model). If this is done effectively, a possible reformulation of the relationship is truly facilitated. Relations between the participants will continue, but will no longer be what they were before. The effectiveness of the intervention is confirmed by the appearance of new beliefs, new perceptions. Any behavioral modifications shown by family members are logical consequences of their new conception of the relationship, not the causes of it. 相似文献
53.
54.
Till now, the relation between schooling and social mobility, a classical question in the sociology of education, has been approached through analyses of a structural sort, either by focusing on the functions that schools are supposed to fill or by adopting the timeless model of neoclassical economics. This approach does not examine all possible relations between schools and social mobility; nor does it see these relations in terms of a process. A study of the scholastic biographies of the children of farmers and workers in western France renews our conception of this relation. It shows that this relation mainly stems from a combination of quite heterogeneous elements, which we glimpse in these biographies. 相似文献
55.
We consider a repeated electoral competition game between two parties, each representing a constituent with a given income
level. Parties are unable to commit to a policy before the election; they choose a nonlinear income tax schedule once elected.
In each period, citizens cast a vote either for the incumbent or for the challenger. We first show that there exist (pure
strategy) subgame perfect equilibria where both parties choose the most-preferred tax schedule of their constituent, subject
to the constraint that they are reelected. We characterize a specific class of these BPR (Best Policy with Reelection) equilibria
in which one of the parties plays its constituent’s unconstrained optimal tax function. Equilibrium tax schedules are always
piecewise linear. Depending on the income levels of the two parties’ constituents, we obtain either classical left-vs-right
equilibria (where the poor vote for one party and the rich for the other one) or ends-against-the-middle equilibria (where
both poor and rich vote for one party while the middle class votes for the other party). In both types of equilibria, both
parties propose the same tax schedule to a subset of the population. 相似文献
56.
This paper utilizes establishment-level data to explore the impact of works councils on firm productivity in France. A variety
of empirical techniques is employed, including fixed effects and regression discontinuity designs, to identify this impact.
We estimate the works council effect on productivity in union and nonunion settings, and investigate the extent to which alternative
forms of worker voice and information sharing might substitute for the works council’s impact in production. We find no evidence
of a positive impact of works councils on firm productivity in any of our results, and some limited evidence of a negative
effect in some of the findings. There is no indication that estimated impacts on productivity vary with union status. However,
a notable finding is that worker voice and information-sharing human resource practices are prevalent in French firms regardless
of works council status, and are found to have positive and statistically significant effects on firm productivity. 相似文献
57.
58.
Partial linear modelling ideas have recently been adapted to situations when functional data are observed. This paper aims
to complete the study of such model by proposing a fully automatic estimation procedure. This is achieved by constructing
a data-driven method to choose the smoothing parameters entered in the nonparametric components of the model. The asymptotic
optimality of the method is stated and its practical interest is illustrated on finite size Monte Carlo simulated samples. 相似文献
59.
Philippe Regnault 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(8):2711-2725
A natural way to deal with the uncertainty of an ergodic finite state space Markov process is to investigate the entropy of its stationary distribution. When the process is observed, it becomes necessary to estimate this entropy.We estimate both the stationary distribution and its entropy by plug-in of the estimators of the infinitesimal generator. Three situations of observation are discussed: one long trajectory is observed, several independent short trajectories are observed, or the process is observed at discrete times. The good asymptotic behavior of the plug-in estimators is established. We also illustrate the behavior of the estimators through simulation. 相似文献
60.
A full Bayesian approach based on ordinary differential equation (ODE)-penalized B-splines and penalized Gaussian mixture is proposed to jointly estimate ODE-parameters, state function and error distribution from the observation of some state functions involved in systems of affine differential equations. Simulations inspired by pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that the proposed method provides comparable results to the method based on the standard ODE-penalized B-spline approach (i.e. with the Gaussian error distribution assumption) and outperforms the standard ODE-penalized B-splines when the distribution is not Gaussian. This methodology is illustrated on a PK data set. 相似文献