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191.
John W. Fleenor James W. Smither Leanne E. Atwater Phillip W. Braddy Rachel E. Sturm 《The Leadership Quarterly》2010,21(6):1005-1034
This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on self–other rating agreement (SOA) related to leadership in the workplace, focusing primarily on research published between 1997 (the year of Atwater &; Yammarino's seminal paper on SOA) and the present. Much of the current interest in SOA derives from its purported relationships with self-awareness and leader effectiveness. The literature, however, has used a variety of metrics to assess SOA, resulting in discrepancies between findings across studies. As multi-rater (360-degree; multisource) feedback instruments continue to be widely used as a measure of leadership in organizations, it is important that we more clearly understand the relationships between SOA and its predictors and outcomes. To this end, in this article, we review (a) models of agreement, (b) factors affecting self-ratings and the congruence between self–others' ratings, (c) factors affecting others' ratings, (d) correlates of agreement, and (e) measurement issues and data analytic techniques. We conclude with discussions of practitioner issues and directions for future research. 相似文献
192.
Children with hearing loss (HL) remain at risk for poorer language abilities than normal hearing (NH) children despite targeted interventions; reasons for these differences remain unclear. In NH children, research suggests speech discrimination is related to language outcomes, yet we know little about it in children with HL under the age of 2 years. We utilized a vowel contrast, /a-i/, and a consonant-vowel contrast, /ba-da/, to examine speech discrimination in 47 NH infants and 40 infants with HL. At Mean age =3 months, EEG recorded from 11 scalp electrodes was used to compute the time-frequency mismatched response (TF-MMRSE) to the contrasts; at Mean age =9 months, behavioral discrimination was assessed using a head turn task. A machine learning (ML) classifier was used to predict behavioral discrimination when given an arbitrary TF-MMRSE as input, achieving accuracies of 73% for exact classification and 92% for classification within a distance of one class. Linear fits revealed a robust relationship regardless of hearing status or speech contrast. TF-MMRSE responses in the delta (1–3.5 Hz), theta (3.5–8 Hz), and alpha (8–12 Hz) bands explained the most variance in behavioral task performance. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using TF-MMRSE to predict later behavioral speech discrimination. 相似文献
193.
Phillip G Carlson 《Omega》1977,5(3):271-280
The design and operation of an information system requires assumptions on the values of parameters which characterize the behavior of pertinent random processes. If these parameters remain constant over time at design values, system performance will be as specified. Otherwise, performance will vary from design and cost and service penalties will arise. A control chart procedure is introduced for monitoring system parameters and introducing appropriate action to reset them to design values as indicated. The control system is set so that the expected cost of monitoring is a minimum. A table of control system settings over a broad set of a priori assumptions is provided. Examples describing the procedure and use of the table are given. 相似文献
194.
Phillip B. Wilson 《Journal of Labor Research》2005,26(1):135-154
The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) requires unions to file financial reports with the Department of
Labor (DOL) and make these reports available to members to provide them information necessary to govern their unions. For
most of the time since the LMRDA's enactment, LM-2 reports were poorly designed and inaccessible to members and the public.
However, in 2002 DOL made LM- 2 forms available online and proposed rulemaking to substantially reform union reporting requirements.
I identify major problems with the law's current reporting requirements, briefly critique DOL's proposed rulemaking, and suggest
additional steps to improve LMRDA financial reporting.
This article is based on testimony delivered to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce in 2002. 相似文献
195.
Phillip Toner 《The Australian journal of social issues》1985,20(1):56-71
The object of this paper is to examine private sector wage subsidies and public sector job creation as competing solutions to unemployment. This has been undertaken firstly, by critically evaluating the general arguments adduced for the respective programs. Secondly, consideration is given to the outcomes from examples of such programs. In this case the Special Youth Employment Training Program (SYETP) and the Regional Employment Development Scheme (REDS) were selected as relevant examples of private and public sector employment programs conducted in Australia. It was found that SYETP had difficulty fulfilling its twin objectives of providing training for those disadvantaged in the labour market and fulfilling their transition to unsubsidised employment. Wage subsidies have a major administrative flaw in that it is extremely difficult to determine whether a subsidy results in either net job creation, i.e., creating a position which would not exist in absence of the subsidy, or the substitution of subsidised for non-subsidised labour. The operation of wage subsidies results in a degradation of the labour market, or substitution of permanent for casual, high turn-over positions. Public sector job creation is subject to certain benefits that do not accrue to private sector schemes. It is argued that RED type schemes have a greater capacity to incorporate more intensive formal skills training, and can more readily manipulate tax and employment multipliers. An attempt has been made to compare the cost efficiency of SYETP and REDS in creating employment. One important, though tentative result of this exercise is that the effectiveness of wage subsidies as a job creation mechanism is dependent upon economic growth. Consequently there is a paradox in the use of wage subsidies whereby they are most effective when they are least needed and most needed when they are least effective. 相似文献
196.
Scholars across the social sciences often use the concept of authenticity to refer to such different things as sincerity, truthfulness, originality, and the feeling and practice of being true to one's self or others. Whereas the concept of authenticity refers to all of these things, a careful employment of this concept requires a clear understanding of it. By reviewing theory and empirical research on authenticity, we aim at a more precise conceptualization of authenticity. We argue that authenticity is about being true to one's self. When one is true to one's self, one experiences authenticity. This conceptualization views authenticity as a self‐reflective and emotional experience. In order to understand authenticity, a researcher must then take into consideration at least two things: people's emotional experiences of being true or untrue to one's self and people's ideas about what their true self is. 相似文献
197.
198.
The article describes single-subject research designs as an efficient and cost-effective way to assess the impact of targeted interventions on individual behavior. The authors overview the basic tenets of single-subject research, provide examples of several types of single-subject designs, and describe the utility of single-subject designs in rehabilitation research. 相似文献
199.
This article is the second in a series that examine the role of literature reviews in rehabilitation research. Methods of generating new knowledge from existing literature are categorized into three approaches: synthetic literature reviews which interpret previous findings in narrative fashion, quantitative literature reviews which summarize findings from primary research studies using a variety "counting" approaches, and meta-analyses which aggregate effect sizes from primary research studies and allow for a more complex analysis of trends in the empirical research literature. This articles examines the role that quantitative literature reviews can play in better understanding the status of knowledge in rehabilitation research, thereby shaping field practices as well as future scientific investigations. Examples of quantitative reviews from contemporary rehabilitation and related health sciences literature are provided throughout the article. 相似文献
200.