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951.
952.
We consider hedonic coalition formation games that are induced by a simple TU-game and a cooperative solution. For such models,
Shenoy’s (Int J Game Theory 8:133–164, 1979) absence of the paradox of smaller coalitions provides a sufficient condition
for core existence. We present three different versions of his condition in order to compare it to the top coalition property
of Banerjee et al. (Social Choice Welfare 18:135–153, 2001) that guarantees nonemptiness of the core in more general models.
As it turns out, the top coalition property implies a condition in which Shenoy’s paradox is not present for at least one
minimal winning coalition. Conversely, if for each non-null player Shenoy’s paradox is not present for at least one minimal
winning coalition containing that player, then the induced hedonic game satisfies the top coalition property. 相似文献
953.
Breeding bird communities in Berlin were investigated at five study sites, which represent an structural urban-rural gradient,
from densely built-up areas with sealed ground to green areas such as large parks. In this paper, we tested the Hasse Diagram
Technique (HDT), an approach belonging to partial order theory, for its appropriateness to extract information about changes
in species composition from our data set. As expected, the overall number of bird species was positively correlated with the
urban-rural gradient, increasing from 12 found in the city center to 28 in an urban park. By HDT analysis, four different
sub-groups of birds could be identified, contributing differentially to the increase in species number: (1) ubiquists, i.e.,
species found at each study site, (2) a sub-group, the species’ number of which was positively correlated with the urban-rural
gradient, increasing with increasingly green areas, (3) a sub-group, the species’ number of which was negatively correlated
with the urban-rural gradient, decreasing with a declining density of buildings, and (4) species, the distribution of which
did not show any correlation with the urban-rural gradient. The results show that HDT is a suitable tool for formalized analysis
of the pattern of species’ communities along an environmental gradient. 相似文献
954.
William N. Holden R. Daniel Jacobson Kirsten Moran 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(3):266-292
This paper discusses the opposition of civil society to nonferrous metals mining in Montana. The mineral resources and mining history of Montana are discussed, as is the vibrant civil society of that state. Montana’s civil society has opposed mining due to its environmental effects, particularly upon areas of high conservation value. This opposition has involved litigation and the implementation of a ban on the use of cyanide by the mining industry. The paper concludes with a discussion of whether this opposition to mining has damaged the economy of the state and Montana’s future as an example of the “New West,” wherein amenities based growth act as the principal agent of economic activity. 相似文献
955.
Andreas Ziegler 《Statistical Papers》2007,48(4):655-681
This paper compares the application of different versions of the simulated counterparts of the Wald test, the score test,
and the likelihood ratio test in one- and multiperiod multinomial probit models. Monte Carlo experiments show that the use
of the simple form of the simulated likelihood ratio test delivers relatively robust results regarding the testing of several
multinomial probit model specifications. In contrast, the inclusion of the Hessian matrix of the simulated loglikelihood function
into the simulated score test and (in the multiperiod multinomial probit model) particularly the inclusion of the quasi-maximum
likelihood theory into the simulated likelihood ratio test leads to substantial computational problems. The combined application
of the quasi-maximum likelihood theory with the simulated Wald test or the simulated score test is not systematically superior
to the application of the other versions of these two simulated classical tests either. Neither an increase in the number
of observations nor in the number of random draws in the incorporated Geweke-Hajivassiliou-Keane simulator systematically
lead to more precise conformities between the frequencies of type I errors and the basic significance levels. An increase
in the number of observations only decreases the frequencies of type II errors, particularly regarding the simulated classical
testing of multiperiod multinomial probit model specifications. 相似文献
956.
This article aims to study the substitution of parental time between the mother and the father. Taking the “experience” of
unemployment as a release from the time constraint, we analyse time transfers between partners in such a situation. A bivariate
Tobit model is applied on the French time-use data. It shows that parents quite rarely substitute the time devoted to children
between each other, except for child transportation and childcare. Parents do not want to relinquish their parental activities,
a fact which reflects their desire to contribute to the children’s education, and the contribution of parental time to the
balance of power between spouses. Exchanges remain asymmetric: non-employed fathers release less their partner from parental
tasks than unemployed mothers do, which reflects the weight of gender social norms. 相似文献
957.
Incorporation of the behavioral issues of the decision maker (DM) is among the aspects that each Multicriteria Decision Making
(MCDM) method implicitly or explicitly takes into account. As postulated by regret theory, the feelings of regret and rejoice
are among the behavioral issues associated with the entire decision making process. Within the context of MCDM, the DM may
feel regret, when the chosen alternative is compared with another one having at least one better criterion value. PROMETHEE
II is a widely known MCDM method that makes no explicit incorporation of regret attitude of the DM. In this paper, we elaborate
on the applicability of regret theory to MCDM context. In particular, we investigate the findings of regret theory and explore
the parallel between regret theory and PROMETHEE II method. Relying on the concepts of regret theory, we demonstrate how a
decision that is made using a PROMETHEE II based outranking method conforms to the regret attitude of the DM. 相似文献
958.
Lonnie Golden 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(1):86-109
This research tests predictions regarding potential disparities among the employed by personal characteristics in the ability
to vary the starting and ending times of their workday and engage in work from home. Women and African-Americans possess less
access to flexible work schedules, even when controlling for most job characteristics. Married men have more access, but only
if they are parents, and mothers only if they have pre-school-age children. Workers with part-time or long hours gain far
greater access. Work-at-home is more common among women, the married and parents-thus, relatively more reflective of family
demands. The results suggest where public and organizational policies could be focused to spread flexible work arrangements
more toward those who both most value it and lack it. 相似文献
959.
Noteworthy connections among conglomerability, countable additivity and coherence are discussed in detail, reaching the conclusion
that nonconglomerable conditional probabilities must not be doomed and play a significant role in statistical inference.
Extended and updated version of a contributed paper presented at the International Conference on “Information Processing and
Management of Uncertainty in knowledge-based systems”, IPMU 2004, Perugia, Italy. 相似文献
960.
In this paper we examine maximum likelihood estimation procedures in multilevel models for two level nesting structures. Usually,
for fixed effects and variance components estimation, level-one error terms and random effects are assumed to be normally
distributed. Nevertheless, in some circumstances this assumption might not be realistic, especially as concerns random effects.
Thus we assume for random effects the family of multivariate exponential power distributions (MEP); subsequently, by means
of Monte Carlo simulation procedures, we study robustness of maximum likelihood estimators under normal assumption when, actually,
random effects are MEP distributed. 相似文献