北宋儒学背景下沈括的科学研究

沈括是北宋乃至整个古代最伟大的科学家之一。当我们从文化的角度审视这位科学家的时候,发现他还是一位儒家学者。他推崇儒学,研习儒家经典,养浩然之气,行君子之道,穷理尽性,以民为本;他对自然界的事物及其变化具有浓厚的兴趣和爱好;北宋儒学的济世精神、博学精神、怀疑精神和求理精神深深地影响着他的科学研究,以致于他的科学研究明显带有北宋儒学的特征。     

论大学生思想政治网络教育体系的构建

在网络时代 ,利用互联网开展大学生思想政治工作有许多优势 ,可以大大提高思想政治工作的时效性 ,扩大覆盖面 ,增强影响力 ,但同时也存在一些不足。为保持和发挥好网上思想政治教育的优势 ,弥补其不足 ,必须充分重视和做好大学生的“网前”与“网后”教育 ,从而构建起“网前、网上、网后”联动、全时关注、全程覆盖的大学生思想政治教育体系 ,增强大学生思想政治工作的整体效力     

从朱熹的格致论出发——论儒家知识论传统的建构

学术界通常认为朱熹理学的出发点在于"理",而事实上,朱熹主要是继承并发挥了二程的格致论,并把格致论当作其理学的出发点.朱熹格致论是知识论的表述,也是一种融合了知识论并以其为基础的伦理学.它发挥了早期儒家"尊德性而道问学"的思想,把伦理学与知识论统一起来,因而是对儒家知识论的建构.     

Kin Expectations and Kin Support Among Rural Older Adults1

Abstract Relatively little attention has been given to the kin ties of rural older adults. To partially fill this gap in knowledge, kin selection theory was used as a conceptual framework to explore two questions on the extent rural older adults expect and receive assistance from the range of affinal and consanquineal kin and the factors that best explain the current level of support provided by each of the kin types in the family system. Analysis was based on interviews conducted in 1985–1986 with 368 rural older adults in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Expectations of kin assistance were much higher than the actual level of support that was provided. Both expected and actual levels of assistance declined as the level of consanguineous kin and associated affinal ties decreased. The level of support provided by kin groups was mainly a function of geographic distance to kin and norms of obligation.     

Migration Theories and First Nations Mobility: Towards a Systems Perspective*

Au Canada, la recherche sur la migration des autochtones vers les centres urbains a mis en avant l'importance de facteurs économiques, les mou‐vements de retour étant expliqués comme un échec lié aux difficultés d'adaptation. Les facteurs sous‐tendant la migration vers les villes ont été peu étudiés, et des études récentes ont mis l'accent sur l'ampleur des mouvements plutôt que sur d'autres théories. Cet article suggère des voies selon lesquelles on peut avoir recours à une approche systémique pour intégrer des facteurs des contextes politique, économique et social ainsi que des liens individuels, institutionnels et de culture de masse. The migration of Canadian Aboriginal people to cities has usually been understood as economically motivated, with return migration to Aboriginal communities resulting primarily from failure to adapt to urban life. However, the reasons underlying migration have rarely been directly addressed, and recent studies of migration have focussed on the size of flows, rather than relating this migration stream to theories of migration developed in other contexts. This paper suggests ways in which a systems perspective on migration can be used to incorporate elements of the political, economic and social context, as well as individual, institutional and mass culture links between the two areas.     

Labor Force Participation and Socioeconomic Status*

This study examined the relationship between labor force participation by more than one family member and the socioeconomic status of the family, as measured by the Census SES score. The data were derived from a special tabulation of the 1960 Census five percent sample tape. In general, labor force participation by more than one family member was associated with higher SES scores in both white and Negro families. Multiple wage earners in white families were associated with “above the middle” level scores, whereas in Negro families multiple wage earners appear to contribute to barely or almost attaining middle level scores.     

Who Is Hispanic? Hispanic Identity among African Americans,Asian Americans,Others, and Whites*

Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the United States and their presence is likely to continue to expand. Little is known, however, about the correlates of Hispanic identity or the processes that are involved in its maintenance. We investigate these issues by ascertaining and then seeking to understand the various associations between reported racial identities and Hispanic ethnicity using data from the Current Population Surveys. Restricting the sample to individuals who are known to have demographic origins in Latin America, our results indicate that persons with African or Asian racial identifications are substantially less likely than whites or Others to also identify as Hispanic. Relative to the first generation, Hispanic identification declines and the racial differences increase in the second generation. The exceptions in this regard are Others for whom racial and Hispanic identifications are the most highly associated for both the first and second generations. These findings are interpreted as reflecting various social processes that are involved in the development and maintenance of racial and ethnic identities. Our results provide insight into the complex, social nature of Hispanic identification in modern America.     

Doing the daily grind: The effects of domestic labor on professional,managerial, and technical workers’ earnings

Using two waves of data from the National Survey of Families and Households, I examined how domestic labor tasks including daily grind tasks, female-type and male-type tasks affected the earnings of workers in professional, managerial, and technical occupations in the short and long term. The results show that performing daily grind tasks reduces the earnings of college-educated workers in high prestige occupations immediately and over time. Further, domestic labor explained an additional 19 percent of the gap between the earnings of women and men in professional, managerial, and technical occupations. These results suggest that despite having jobs that offer higher pay and more autonomy, the time spent doing the daily grind, negatively affects earnings, especially for women in professional, managerial, and technical occupations. Rebecca S. Powers ia an assistant professor at East Carolina University. Her research interests include social inequality, gender, immigration, and work. Currently, she is examining differences in gender norms and studying relationships between employers and Hispanic workers in new destination sites.     

The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorders on the Family: A Qualitative Study of Mothers’ Perspectives

An estimated 730,000 Americans younger than age 21 in the United States have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and current trends predict 36,500 new diagnoses each year. Due to this rapid increase in ASD diagnoses, it is critical to understand the impact having a child with ASD has on a family's daily functioning to better coordinate services and design effective interventions. Qualitative semistructured interviews with eight mothers were conducted, and four primary themes emerged identifying primarily negative impacts of having a child with ASD. Implications for practice and future research are addressed to inform the development of best practices for families.