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471.
In the context of (multi-center) clinical trials and life testins problems, a general model incorporating both the staggering entry and random withdrawal and pertaining to a simple regression problem (including the two-sample location problem as a special case) is conceived, and, within this framework, a scheme allowing progressive censoring (continuous monitoring of experimentation from the beginning) is developed along with the proposal for and study of some nonparametric testing procedures, The proposed tests rest on the construction of certain two-dimensional time-parameter stochastic processes from a triangular array of progressively censored linear rank statistics and their weak convergence to appropriate Gaussian functions. Asymptotic properties of these procedures are studied. A computer program pertaining to the numerical computations and practical administrations of these testing procedures is also provided at the end. 相似文献
472.
S. P. Kumar 《Long Range Planning》1976,9(6):63-68
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive long-term plan for Indian shipping industry in consonance with the requirements of domestic and overseas trade. The problems bedevilling the shipping industry are analysed in order to focus on the constituents of a comprehensive long-term plan. Though this analysis is related to the Indian environment, it is equally pertinent to the most developing countries. 相似文献
473.
A consistent test for difference in locations between two bivariate populations is proposed, The test is similar as the Mann-Whitney test and depends on the exceedances of slopes of the two samples where slope for each sample observation is computed by taking the ratios of the observed values. In terms of the slopes, it reduces to a univariate problem, The power of the test has been compared with those of various existing tests by simulation. The proposed test statistic is compared with Mardia's(1967) test statistics, Peters-Randies(1991) test statistic, Wilcoxon's rank sum test. statistic and Hotelling' T2 test statistic using Monte Carlo technique. It performs better than other statistics compared for small differences in locations between two populations when underlying population is population 7(light tailed population) and sample size 15 and 18 respectively. When underlying population is population 6(heavy tailed population) and sample sizes are 15 and 18 it performas better than other statistic compared except Wilcoxon's rank sum test statistics for small differences in location between two populations. It performs better than Mardia's(1967) test statistic for large differences in location between two population when underlying population is bivariate normal mixture with probability p=0.5, population 6, Pearson type II population and Pearson type VII population for sample size 15 and 18 .Under bivariate normal population it performs as good as Mardia' (1967) test statistic for small differences in locations between two populations and sample sizes 15 and 18. For sample sizes 25 and 28 respectively it performs better than Mardia's (1967) test statistic when underlying population is population 6, Pearson type II population and Pearson type VII population 相似文献
474.
Ashis SenGupta & Arnab Kumar Laha 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2001,43(4):461-471
The slippage problem occurs when an unspecified observation in a given random sample is from a distribution other than that for all the remaining observations. This paper studies the problem in terms of the 'slip' in the mean direction of a circular normal distribution. The slippage problem is first treated as a multiple decision problem with a prior which is invariant under the permutations of the hypotheses. The probabilities of accepting the various hypotheses for the Bayes rule with respect to this prior are explicitly obtained. The likelihood ratio tests for this slippage problem, for the cases when the mean directions are both known and unknown, are shown to be easily computable. The tests are illustrated through two well-known datasets. The performances of a range of tests are compared using extensive simulation. 相似文献
475.
Focusing on Disability and Access in the Built Environment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper provides a documentation and discussion of the diverse experiences that different disabled people have with regards to access in the built environment. It begins by outlining the various ways in which disabled people's access needs and requirements are articulated in public policies and practices towards the development and regulation of the built environment. As the material indicates, disabled people's needs are poorly articulated and/or represented in the design and development of the built environment while the regulatory controls which oversee disabled people's access are weak. In the second part of the paper, disabled people's values, attitudes and practices towards access in the built environment are discussed by referring to the findings of focus group research. The material shows that many disabled people feel estranged and oppressed by facets of the built environment and generally feel powerless to do anything about it. We conclude by suggesting a number of ways of interconnecting the design and implementation of public policy towards the built environment with the daily lived experiences of disabled people. 相似文献
476.
The ongoing evolution of genomics and bioinformatics has an overwhelming impact on medical and clinical research, albeit this development is often marked by genuine controversies as well as lack of scientific clarities and acumen. The search for disease genes and the gene–environment interaction has drawn considerable interdisciplinary scientific attention: environmental health, clinical and medical sciences, biological as well as computational and statistical sciences are most noteworthy. Statistical reasoning (quantitative modeling and analysis perspectives) has a focal stand in this respect while data mining resolutions are far from being statistically fully understood or interpretable. The use of human subjects, though unavoidable, under various extraneous restraints, medical ethics perspectives, and human rights undercurrents, has raised concern all over the world, especially in the developing countries. In the genomics context, clinical trials may be designed on chips and yet there are greater challenges due to the curse of dimensionality perspectives. Some of these challenging statistical issues in medical and clinical research (with emphasis on clinical trials) are appraised in the light of existing statistical tools, which are available for less complex clinical research problems. 相似文献
477.
This paper is concerned with estimating the common hazard rate of two exponential distributions with unknown and ordered location parameters under a general class of bowl-shaped scale invariant loss functions. The inadmissibility of the best affine equivariant estimator is established by deriving an improved estimator. Another estimator is obtained which improves upon the best affine equivariant estimator. A class of improving estimators is derived using the integral expression of risk difference approach of Kubokawa [A unified approach to improving equivariant estimators. Ann Statist. 1994;22(1):290–299]. These results are applied to specific loss functions. It is further shown that these estimators can be derived for four important sampling schemes: (i) complete and i.i.d. sample, (ii) record values, (iii) type-II censoring, and (iv) progressive Type-II censoring. A simulation study is carried out for numerically comparing the risk performance of these proposed estimators. 相似文献
478.
In the literature, assuming independence of random variables X and Y, statistical estimation of the stress–strength parameter R = P(X > Y) is intensively investigated. However, in some real applications, the strength variable X could be highly dependent on the stress variable Y. In this paper, unlike the common practice in the literature, we discuss on estimation of the parameter R where more realistically X and Y are dependent random variables distributed as bivariate Rayleigh model. We derive the Bayes estimates and highest posterior density credible intervals of the parameters using suitable priors on the parameters. Because there are not closed forms for the Bayes estimates, we will use an approximation based on Laplace method and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to obtain the Bayes estimate of R and unknown parameters. Finally, simulation studies are conducted in order to evaluate the performances of the proposed estimators and analysis of two data sets are provided. 相似文献
479.
Ashok Kumar Pathak 《The American statistician》2018,72(3):287-288
This note presents a simple probabilistic proof of the identity for the alternating convolution of the central binomial coefficients. The proof of the identity involves the computation of moments of order n for the product of standard normal random variables. 相似文献
480.
Estimation and prediction for an inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under hybrid censoring
In this paper we consider estimation of unknown parameters of an inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution when it is known that data are hybrid Type I censored. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates are derived. In sequel interval estimates are also constructed. We further consider one- and two-sample prediction of future observations and also obtain prediction intervals. The performance of proposed methods of estimation and prediction is studied using simulations and an illustrative example is discussed in support of the suggested methods. 相似文献