School-based interventions with depressed minority adolescents

School-based approaches to intervention with depressed minority adolescents is discussed within a preventive framework. The symptomatology and epidemiology of depression is presented as it pertains to minority group adolescents. Specific suggestions for school-based services, the uses of school-based mental health professionals, and for coordination with mental health agencies are provided.     

Assessing clinical progress: A case study of Daryl

In this single case study, the authors conceptually framed their understanding of dissociation and splitting as defensive/adaptive coping mechanisms through which children respond to abusive/neglectful environments and the developmental deficits of abused/neglected children as related to failure in separation/individuation. Case study methodology with a nested experimental research design employed content analysis of process recordings to identify targeted defenses and developmental themes and then to assess therapeutic effectiveness during the first six months of psychodynamic play therapy with Daryl. In-session cliniial progress was assessed through charting changes in defenses and developmental themes, identifying degree of goal achievement, and clinically observing treatment stage progression. Visual analysis of the frequency charts identified a slight cyclical decline in use of splitting and guarding against dissociation and a somewhat uneven increase in the developmental theme of coexistence/integration. While these changes in targeted outcome variables were not statistically significant, the amount of change did exceed the predetermined outcome goals for decreased splitting and increased coexistence but not the goal of decreased guarding against dissociation. Review of the process recordings also identified clear markers of treatment progression through two therapeutic stages in the first six months of long term psychodynamic play therapy and further supported the clinical meaningfulness of the observed changes.     

Nonverbal cues to deception among intimates,friends, and strangers

Buller and Burgoon (in press) propose that deceivers attempt to encode strategically nonverbal cues which indicate nonimmediacy and project a positive image. At the same time, deceivers leak arousal and negative affect via their nonverbal display. This experiment tested these predictions, while examining the influence of relational history on deception cues and the stability of deception cues within deceptive conversations. The nonverbal behavior of 130 strangers, friends, and intimates was measured. Results indicated that deceivers signalled nonimmediacy, arousal, and negative affect, but they did not appear to project a positive image. Deception cues were mediated by relational history and showed considerable temporal variation. Strangers leaked more arousal and negative affect than friends and intimates. Further, deceivers, particularly deceiving friends and intimates, seemed to monitor and control their nonverbal behavior during deception by suppressing arousal and negative affect cues and moderating nonimmediate behavior.     

Developmental trends in proxemic spacing behavior between surrounding companions and strangers in casual groups

This study examined age differences in the pattern of proxemic behavior observed in casual groups frequenting public environments. Observations were made in the corridors of large shopping malls and along sidewalks of small towns. The relative positions of all walking subjects were inconspicuously recorded in photographs, and interpersonal distances were measured by projecting slides on a calibrated grid. Distances to first, second, and third nearest companions and first, second, and third nearest strangers were computed for subjects in six age classes: preschool children, grade school children, teenagers, young adults, middle adults, and senior adults. All classes showed significant age differences in the distances maintained to companions (p = .00001), but only senior adults differed in their spacing toward strangers, by maintaining significantly closer distances than the other age groups (p < .01). Tests of spatial patterns showed significant aggregations between first, second, and third nearest companions, and essentially random spacing toward first nearest strangers in all age groups. Senior adults showed a significant tendency to aggregate with their second and third nearest surrounding strangers. These results are discussed in the light of oer research and in the context of the ecology and development of proxemic behavior.Funding was provided by a National Science Foundation grant, BNS 79-06843, to J.W. Burgess. Additional fundint was provided by a grant from the Consumer Research Center, University of California (Robert Sommer, Director), and by Sigma Xi grants to J.W. Burgess. The author thanks Ms. Deanna Johnson for expert help in behavioral observation and decoding.     

The Physical Abuse of Adolescents

The literature on adolescent abuse suggests that it may differ from child abuse. Issues raised in the literature focus on severity, provoking behavior by the adolescents, and community norms for discipline as crucial issues. There are several models of the dynamics of adolescent abuse in the literature. These issues and theoretical models are examined by reviewing twenty-five cases of adolescent abuse from a public welfare office in a large midwestern city. Implications of the findings for reporting injuries and planning interventions are discussed.     

Anglo-Australian Test Cricket Dismissals 1946–1980

In the 96 Anglo-Australian Test matches played from the end of world war II to the final test in the 1980 series there have been over 3000 dismissals of batsman for both countries. A breakdown reveals interesting difference between the type of dismissal and (a) quality of batsman, (b) location of match, (c) team which is batting. In particular, the ‘leg before wickets’ (lbw) dismissals appear to provide controversial data.