“隅／角”历时替换小考

表示“角落”义的词语,在上古汉语中主要用“隅”,现代汉语中用“角”。这个交替过程发生在魏晋南北朝时期。本文详细考察了从上古至中古不同时期的历史文献,从中寻绎“角”替换“隅”的发展轨迹:在先秦时期用例极少;西汉也甚为零落;东汉魏时期才逐渐多起来;占据绝对优势则是在两晋南北朝时期,这一时期,南方与北方均较多使用,尤其是北方口语文献中“角”已代替“隅”完成了历时替换。     

先秦儒道审美思想初探

儒家的审美目标以伦理为本位,追求审美的社会功利目的,而道家则强调自然之道,追求个体的精神自由。在审美的途径上,儒家重感性认知,强调“诗、书、礼、乐”等审美途径,而道家重心理过程,主张“道法自然”。对审美功能的认识方面,儒家认为审美是为实现伦理政治服务的,而道家则认为审美的功能在于创造性激发功能,即促使个体自行参悟自然之道。     

Bayesian analysis of a marked point process: Application in seismic hazard assessment

Point processes are the stochastic models most suitable for describing physical phenomena that appear at irregularly spaced times, such as the earthquakes. These processes are uniquely characterized by their conditional intensity, that is, by the probability that an event will occur in the infinitesimal interval (t, t+Δt), given the history of the process up tot. The seismic phenomenon displays different behaviours on different time and size scales; in particular, the occurrence of destructive shocks over some centuries in a seismogenic region may be explained by the elastic rebound theory. This theory has inspired the so-called stress release models: their conditional intensity translates the idea that an earthquake produces a sudden decrease in the amount of strain accumulated gradually over time along a fault, and the subsequent event occurs when the stress exceeds the strength of the medium. This study has a double objective: the formulation of these models in the Bayesian framework, and the assignment to each event of a mark, that is its magnitude, modelled through a distribution that depends at timet on the stress level accumulated up to that instant. The resulting parameter space is constrained and dependent on the data, complicating Bayesian computation and analysis. We have resorted to Monte Carlo methods to solve these problems.     

Population constraints on pooled surveys in demographic hazard modeling

In non-experimental research, data on the same population process may be collected simultaneously by more than one instrument. For example, in the present application, two sample surveys and a population birth registration system all collect observations on first births by age and year, while the two surveys additionally collect information on women’s education. To make maximum use of the three data sources, the survey data are pooled and the population data introduced as constraints in a logistic regression equation. Reductions in standard errors about the age and birth-cohort parameters of the regression equation in the order of three-quarters are obtained by introducing the population data as constraints. A halving of the standard errors about the education parameters is achieved by pooling observations from the larger survey dataset with those from the smaller survey. The percentage reduction in the standard errors through imposing population constraints is independent of the total survey sample size.     

青少年法制教育应确立新思路

新时期的青少年法制教育必须注入全新的理念 ,使法制教育成为素质教育的一部分 ,应在法制教育的同时加强对青少年权利义务观念、信用意识、科学精神的培养 ,并使青少年认识到法律的价值所在 ,才能培养自觉的守法精神。     

健全国有企业人才保留机制的途径

通过对国有企业人才流失现状的分析,阐述了国有企业留住人才的必要性,提出了健全国有企业人才保留机制的途径一是建立能充分体现人才价值、有竞争力的薪酬机制;二是建立多层次、多内容的人才激励机制;三是建立科学合理的人才培训开发机制;四是创造优秀的企业文化环境.     

Unresolved Conflicts in the Regional Security System: The Case of the South Caucasus

The collapse of the USSR was accompanied by transformation of the South Caucasian latent ethnopolitical conflicts into local wars. Today the situation in the area of the conflicts is “neither war, nor peace”. Three unresolved conflicts of the South Caucasus can be considered as one of the most serious obstacles for establishing a regional security system.The article gives the general characteristics of these conflicts, the trends of their development, taking into account the time factor, and analyzes the behavioral models of the main players – de jure recognized and unrecognized de facto states of the South Caucasus. The basic objective of the main players should be to keep the situation on a level preventing the resumption of the armed conflicts. The attempts of forced resolution of the conflicts are fraught with destabilization of the situation not only in the area of any of these conflicts but in the whole region.     

孙中山的日本情结

孙中山所领导的资产阶级民主革命是以海外为基地的,而日本在其中所占的地位尤为显著。在日本,孙中山一方面广泛结交朝野人士,以争取他们对中国革命的同情和支持;另一方面进行了大量的革命活动,对国内革命形势的发展起了巨大的推动作用。所有这一切都表现了孙中山的日本情结。这种日本情结虽然有局限和不足,但表明了孙中山的宽广胸怀。孙中山与日本人士的交往扩大了中国民主革命的影响,而使中国民主革命带有一定的国际性。孙中山的日本情结表明他既是一位民族主义者,又是一位国际主义者。