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11.
Hagelin John S. Rainforth Maxwell V. Cavanaugh Kenneth L. C. Alexander Charles N. Shatkin Susan F. Davies John L. Hughes Anne O. Ross Emanuel Orme-Johnson David W. 《Social indicators research》1999,47(2):153-201
This paper reports the results of a prospective experiment in which a group of approximately 4,000 participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi assembled in Washington, D.C., from June 7 to July 30, 1993. It was hypothesized that levels of violent crime in the District of Columbia would fall substantially during the Demonstration Project, as a result of the group's effect of increasing coherence and reducing stress in the collective consciousness of the District. A 27-member Project Review Board comprising independent scientists and leading citizens approved the research protocol and monitored the research process. Weekly crime data was derived from database records provided by the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department (DCMPD), which are used in the FBI Uniform Crime Reports. Statistical analysis considered the effect of weather variables, daylight, historical crime trends and annual patterns in the District of Columbia, as well as trends in neighboring cities. Consistent with previous research, levels of homicides, rapes and assaults (HRA crimes) correlated with average weekly temperature. Robberies approximately followed an annually recurring cycle. Time series analysis of 1993 data, controlling for temperature, showed that HRA crimes dropped significantly during the Demonstration Project, corresponding with increases in the size of the group; the maximum decrease was 23.3% (p < 2 × 10–9) [24.6% using a longer baseline, with 1988--1993 data (p < 3 × 10–5)], coincident with the peak number of participants in the group during the final week of the assembly. When the same period in each of the five previous years was examined, no significant decreases in HRA crimes were found. Robberies did not decrease significantly. However, a model that jointly estimated the effect of the Demonstration Project on both HRA crimes and robberies showed a significant reduction in violent crimes overall of 15.6% (p = 0.0008). Further analysis showed that the effect of the coherence-creating group on reducing HRA crimes could not be accounted for by additional police staffing. The time series analysis for HRA crimes gave results that are highly robust to alternative model specifications, and showed that the effect of the group size was cumulative and persisted after the Demonstration Project ended. Also, calculation of the steady state gain based on the time series model predicted that a permanent group of 4,000 coherence-creating experts in the District would have a long-term effect of reducing HRA crimes by 48%. 相似文献
12.
This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to test the hypotheses that (1) similar to other
positive pre- and post-natal outcomes, Mexican immigrant mothers are more likely to breastfeed, and to breastfeed longer,
than white or Mexican-American mothers; and (2) acculturation accounts for the ethnic/nativity differential in breastfeeding
initiation and duration. The results support both hypotheses. Mexican immigrants to the U.S. are much more likely than whites
to breastfeed, and to breastfeed longer. Mexican-American mothers, after controlling for background characteristics, have
similar initiation and duration to whites. Using expanded acculturation measures developed for this paper, acculturation accounts
for some of the difference between whites and Mexican immigrants in breastfeeding initiation, and much of the difference for
breastfeeding duration. The results suggest that low levels of acculturation operate to protect Mexican immigrants from choosing
to formula-feed, which gives their babies many health advantages, and may be associated with better health outcomes across
the life course. The results also suggest that successive generations of Mexican immigrants may abandon breastfeeding, which
is deleterious for their infants. 相似文献
13.
Cohort Succession in the US Housing Market: New Houses, the Baby Boom, and Income Stratification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rachel E. Dwyer 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):161-181
Federal housing policy in the US across the postwar period supported the construction of new houses more than public provision
or renovation of older structures as a means of ensuring a sufficient supply of quality dwellings. Understanding trends in
new housing in particular is thus crucial to understanding the housing regime. Following Myers (Housing demography: Linking demographic structure and housing markets. University of Wisconsin Press, 1990; Housing Studies, 14, 473–490,1999), this paper conceptualizes historical change in the housing stock within a demographic framework as the movement
of cohorts of households through cohorts of housing stock. Recent evidence suggests that a new cohort of houses arose in the
1980s and 1990s (larger with more amenities than past vintages), and that buyers of those new houses were increasingly affluent.
In this paper, I link the succession to a new cohort of houses to household cohort succession and examine the increasing affluence
of new house buyers by age and cohort, focusing especially on the entry of the Baby Boom generation exactly when the new cohort
of houses arrived. I use US Census microdata for 1960–2000 to develop a cohort longitudinal dataset, and analyze historical
change in stratification in new house ownership. I find significant shifts between cohorts in income inequality among new
house buyers, with implications for the capacity of the housing regime to meet the future needs of an increasingly diverse
population.
相似文献
Rachel E. DwyerEmail: |
14.
Titmuss's Social Division of Welfare (SDW) thesis is a vitally important but much neglected element of social policy analysis. This article seeks to explore the SDW, with a particular focus on fiscal welfare. Fiscal welfare has been described as forming a hidden welfare state, and while taxation is one of the main ways in which governments affect the lives of citizens, studies of welfare pay remarkably little attention to its impact. Fiscal welfare is examined by using, as an exemplar, local taxation in England, a subject that itself is neglected within social policy. Local taxation in England is of interest because it illustrates the impact of a system of taxation on different groups of citizens, and how this can operate to the benefit of rich over poor citizens. This is because the current system is highly regressive, meaning that those on low and middle incomes spend proportionately more of their income paying the tax than do those on high incomes. What is of further interest is how within the debate about reform of local taxation, concern with regressivity becomes obscured and ceases to be the focus of attention. We are thus provided with an example of how fiscal welfare remains a hidden issue. The article concludes by arguing that social policy analysis needs to move beyond the narrow confines of social welfare and develop a broader understanding of welfare, based on the SDW. 相似文献
15.
16.
Katherine J. Curtis Jack DeWaard Elizabeth Fussell Rachel A. Rosenfeld 《Rural sociology》2020,85(4):856-898
Places affected or threatened by extreme environmental disturbances confront a number of significant issues, including whether their populations will stay the same or change through migration. Research on Hurricanes Katrina and Rita shows some displaced residents returned to their disaster-affected communities once the built environment was restored, new migrants settled in affected places as part of the rebuilding effort, and the regional migration system grew more urbanized and spatially concentrated during post-disaster years. Research also shows that not all disaster-affected places recovered their populations. Our study examines whether differential recovery is systematically patterned along the rural–urban gradient. Using U.S. Census Bureau estimates and IRS county-to-county migration data, we investigate whether the 2005 hurricane season differentially exacerbated or altered previous migration trends across a rural–urban gradient that incorporates proximity to metropolitan areas and disaster-related housing loss. We find a rural–urban differential in Gulf Coast recovery migration: The disaster boosted migration among non-metropolitan counties, yet these increases were smaller and short-lived compared to the patterns found for metropolitan counties, most especially high loss metropolitan counties. Our findings encourage theories of environmental migration to incorporate spatial differentiation and scenarios of environmental changes to account for differential impacts on settlement patterns across the rural–urban continuum. 相似文献
17.
18.
Rachel M. Schmitz Kimberly A. Tyler Brandon Andrew Robinson 《Journal of gay & lesbian social services》2019,31(2):242-265
Understanding why socially marginalized individuals, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and/or queer (LGBTQ+) people, participate in research can improve qualitative research designs, as well as social services and policies. In providing a participant-centered foundation, we interviewed 65 LGBTQ+ young adults and asked “Why are certain LGBTQ+ young adults motivated to engage in qualitative social science studies?” Many LGBTQ+ young people said they were committed to enacting social change and promoting advocacy. Participants also highlighted supporting scientific research and knowledge production. Finally, LGBTQ?+ participants engaged with research to introspectively analyze their identity development processes. These findings can facilitate access to socially vulnerable and underrepresented groups through a methodological focus on participant benefits. 相似文献
19.
Brittanie Atteberry-Ash Stephanie Rachel Speer Shanna K. Kattari M. Killian Kinney 《Journal of gay & lesbian social services》2019,31(2):223-241
Although the field of social work is grounded in social justice, the social work educational experience, including classrooms, may not live up to this value, especially for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study examined the experiences of harmful discourse in social work classrooms for LGBTQ students. Findings indicate that students experienced being misgendered, tokenized, and erased through cis-/heteronormative language and classroom teachings. Although social work is guided by frameworks of social justice, microaggressions and discrimination may be vaguely glossed over, if addressed at all. This study highlights the gap between the values social work teaches and how social work education is delivered. 相似文献
20.
Potratz Emily J. Brown Joel S. Gallo Travis Anchor Chris Santymire Rachel M. 《Urban Ecosystems》2019,22(5):807-816
Urban Ecosystems - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are becoming increasingly common in urban environments. How they respond to potential changes (i.e. increased human interactions,... 相似文献