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51.
Rainer Winkelmann 《Journal of population economics》1997,10(2):159-170
The recent economic literature on the incidence of various forms of post-secondary on-the-job and off-the-job training in
Germany and the United States, as well as on the effects of training on wages, inequality, and labor mobility is surveyed.
Young workers in Germany receive substantially more company-based (apprenticeship) training than United States workers. In
the United States, high turnover deters firms from investing in general skills while it results in improved job matches. The
received literature consents that key institutional elements required to make the German apprenticeship system work are absent
in the United States.
JEL classification: I2, J3, J24
Received December 14, 1995 / Accepted February 19, 1996 相似文献
52.
Rainer Bäcker 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2001,8(4):351-366
Management versions. Reflections on the subject of management counseling Each kind of qualified management counseling needs to concept which expresses the meaning of the subject management. Therefore the author discusses four versions of management. In the first version management is shown as a specific ability, in the second, it is presented as a role-playing. Then management is discussed as a special design of relationships. Finally, it is demonstrated as a (organizational) culture event. Each version of management is illustrated by a case study. 相似文献
53.
Sascha Kraus Fabian Eggers Rainer Harms Gerald E. Hills Claes Hultman 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2011,81(6):27-58
Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) is a research field that grows dynamically and that seems to be heterogeneous. Heterogeneity of a research field exacerbates the orientation in and the advancement of the field. Therefore, this article strives to inventarize the EM-literature and thereby to identify key discussion lines of EM research.Based on a comprehensive literature analysis, we first outline the history of EM research, and identify core authors and core journal Based on a citation analysis of 199 EM papers with a total of 6,222 references and an ensuing expert evaluation, we identify four key discussion lines: (1) theoretical foundations, (2) entrepreneurship-marketing interface, (3) new venture- and SME-marketing, and (4) EM in the sense of innovative, proactive and risk-oriented marketing. These four discussion lines and the respective literature constitute a framework for the advancement of EM research. 相似文献
54.
Quadratic bottleneck assignment problems (QBAP) are obtained by replacing the addition of cost terms in the objective function
of a quadratic (sum) assignment problem by taking their maximum. Since the QBAP is an NP\mathcal{NP}-hard problem, polynimially solvable special cases of the QBAP are of interest. In this paper we specify conditions on the
cost matrices of QBAP leading to special cases which can be solved to optimality in polynomial time. In particular, the following
three cases are discussed: (i) any permutation is optimal (constant QBAP), (ii) a certain specified permutation is optimal
(constant permutation QBAP) and (iii) the solution can be found algorithmically by a polynomial algorithm. Moreover, the max-cone
of bottleneck Monge matrices is investigated, its generating matrices are identified and it is used as a tool in proving polynomiality
results. 相似文献
55.
56.
Rainer Lasch 《Statistical Papers》1996,37(3):235-251
Lance and Williams (1966) introduced a generalized recurrence formula which can be used to compute the updated inter-cluster distance values resulting from the cluster fusion which occur at each level of a hierarchical clustering procedure. This paper develops an useful extension of this formula to pyramidal classification if the single, complete or average linkage technique is used. Furthermore it can be shown that in opposition to hierarchical classification only the complete linkage technique generates in the pyramidal classification structures with monotonically increasing distance values. Using the single or average linkage technique inversions are possible in the graphical representation of an indexed pyramid. 相似文献
57.
Wolf Rainer Leenen Andreas Groß Harald Grosch 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2002,33(1):97-120
Increasing tension and scandal-laden conflicts with members of ethnic minorities during the 1990s make it clear, that the German police force is still not satisfactorily prepared to deal with a multi-cultural society. An immediate reaction was the engagement of training programmes, giving higher-rank officials something to present as an approach to solving the problem. This can apparently be seen as cosmetic change without effect on the structure and culture of the organisation. This work attempts to map the potential for sustainable development of intercultural competence via training programmes, based on the results of international research on police work. Four classical models of intercultural training are described, and their suitability for further education within the police analysed. Starting from the difficulties of determining the actual competency requirements specific in the field, and the basic problems of mediating and acquiring inter-cultural skills, the article concludes with a discussion of sustainable education strategies, which extend to fundamental questions of organisational development. 相似文献
58.
59.
In the literature on trade and development, fertility and trade have been widely discussed as two separate economic forces. However, an important recent contribution connects these two and suggests that international trade between developed and developing countries has an asymmetric effect on the demand for human capital. The asymmetry leads to a decline in fertility rates in developed countries and an increase in these rates in developing countries. We provide additional comprehensive empirical evidence in support of this novel hypothesis. Our findings suggest that countries that export skill-intensive manufacturing goods experience a decline in fertility rates, whereas in countries that export primary, low-skill-intensive goods, fertility rates are affected positively. Further, our findings indicate that the negative influence of manufacturing exports on fertility holds primarily and most strongly for middle-income countries where structural modernization and a growing manufacturing-intensive export sector is observed. 相似文献
60.
Rainer Pötzsch 《Theory and Decision》1972,3(2):107-125
A crucial problem in economic decision (game) theory is to specify by an algorithm the standards of behaviour which determine the process of decision-making. Recent research has indicated that the attitude to risk is an important argument for finding unique solutions for decision problems. In this study different behaviour-constants of decision-making are reported which clarify that a logical equivalency exists between decision-making, conflict, achievement motive and risk-taking. By using information theoretic arguments as a transform rule, it is suggested to measure risk-preference and risk-aversion in terms of redundancy and related measures.The author is assistant at the University of Bonn (Institut für Industrie-und Verkehrs-politik der Universität Bonn, Adenauerallee 24–26, D-5300 Bonn). 相似文献