高等教育课程内容国际化的 内涵及实现途径

文化自觉的实现路径大致可以从思想、行动和制度三个层面去把握：思想自觉是前提,行动自觉是关     

对我国行政监察制度现状的思考

行政监察是行政过程中的一个重要环节,它是行政机构制定的行政决策能否有效地予以执行的有力保证.随着社会的飞速发展,社会变得日益复杂,承担社会管理的行政机构的任务也相应地日益复杂.行政活动如果缺少了行政监察这一环节,就很难做到快速行政、有效行政.因此,本文针对我国行政监察制度现状中存在的主要问题,提出完善我国监察制度的一些建议.     

An improved comorbidity summary score for measuring disease burden and predicting mortality with applications to two national cohorts

Abstract

Research involving administrative healthcare data to study patient outcomes requires the investigator to account for the patient’s disease burden in order to reduce the potential for biased results. Here we develop a comorbidity summary score based on variable importance measures derived from several statistical and machine learning methods and show it has superior predictive performance to the Elixhauser and Charlson indices when used to predict 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year mortality. We used two large Veterans Administration cohorts to develop and validate the summary score and compared predictive performance using the area under ROC curve (AUC) and the Brier score.     

Handling cause of death in equivocal cases using the em algorithm

The statistical analysis of animal bioassays fore carcinogenicity often involves utilizing the cause of death of each animal. There is considerable disagreement among veterinary pathologists as to the reliability of cause of death information. Recent recommendations for assigning cause of death in animal studies have allowed for uncertainty on the part of the pathologist. This has given rise to data that contain acknowledged equivocal cases with respect to cause of death. The present paper proposes a method for incorporating these equiYocal cases into an existing estimation procedure that requires distinguishing between tumors that caused death and those that did not.     

The Appropriateness of Some Common Procedures for Testing the Equality of Two Independent Binomial Populations

For testing the equality of two independent binomial populations the Fisher exact test and the chi-squared test with Yates's continuity correction are often suggested for small and intermediate size samples. The use of these tests is inappropriate in that they are extremely conservative. In this article we demonstrate that, even for small samples, the uncorrected chi-squared test (i.e., the Pearson chi-squared test) and the two-independent-sample t test are robust in that their actual significance levels are usually close to or smaller than the nominal levels. We encourage the use of these latter two tests.     

于平的“泥人梦”

沈阳人于平第一次用“泥人”换钱是在2007年的春节,在那之前他下岗已经5年了,不惑之年依旧一事无成. “然后,我在北市庙会摆摊,三天时间,把自己捏的泥人全卖了,赚了2000元.”于平和妻子翟艺回忆着命运改变的时刻,那种兴奋填满了他们30平方米小屋的每一个角落.     

违法相对论之困境、提倡与进路——以刑民、刑行交叉为视角

刑民交叉、刑行交叉的案件日益增多,违法相对论表现出在法学理论与司法实践中的双重困境:严格的违法一元论、缓和的违法一元论、违法相对论与违法多元论等理论之间概念混淆,界限不清;涉及违法性判断的同类案件适用标准不一、裁判结果各异.基于对不同违法性判断方法的规范性分析以及典型案件裁判结果的比较,可以发现,违法相对论在理论与实践中更具优势,符合法秩序统一性的要求.应当坚持违法相对论,走一条自我否定、不断优化、适时更新的发展路径,以有效解决违法性判断的难题,化解实践中同案异判的矛盾.     

Ethnic and Socioeconomic Segregation in Belgium: A Multiscalar Approach Using Individualised Neighbourhoods

Segregation may have profound effects when it is paired with an accumulation of inequalities. This is namely the case when ethnic and socioeconomic segregation overlap. Few studies in Europe have, however, addressed the relationship between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation in a comprehensive manner. This paper first aims at investigating the interrelation between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation in Belgium. Second it looks into the role of scale in the relationship between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation. The analyses are based on the newly available geocoded data from the 2011 Belgian census. These data were used to construct individualised neighbourhoods at nine scales with a nearest-neighbours approach for the urban agglomerations of Brussels, Antwerp, and Liege. Ethnic and socioeconomic indicators calculated for these individualised neighbourhoods were then inputted in independent factor analyses for each agglomeration. The results reveal remarkably similar segregation patterns in the three cities. Our analyses give way for three main conclusions: there is an undeniable process of spatial isolation of deprived migrants in Belgium’s inner cities; despite the central location of neighbourhoods with high concentration of migrants and poverty, the scope of isolation is considerably high, both in extension and in population density; and macro/national factors such as housing policies and territorial processes seem to shape the segregation patterns in Belgian cities.     

Principles for Conduct of Pest Risk Analyses: Report of an Expert Workshop

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have focused attention on risk assessment of potential insect, weed, and animal pests and diseases of livestock. These risks have traditionally been addressed through quarantine protocols ranging from limits on the geographical areas from which a product may originate, postharvest disinfestation procedures like fumigation, and inspections at points of export and import, to outright bans. To ensure that plant and animal protection measures are not used as nontariff trade barriers, GATT and NAFTA require pest risk analysis (PRA) to support quarantine decisions. The increased emphasis on PRA has spurred multiple efforts at the national and international level to design frameworks for the conduct of these analyses. As approaches to pest risk analysis proliferate, and the importance of the analyses grows, concerns have arisen about the scientific and technical conduct of pest risk analysis. In January of 1997, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) held an invitation-only workshop in Washington, D.C. to bring experts in risk analysis and pest characterization together to develop general principles for pest risk analysis. Workshop participants examined current frameworks for PRA, discussed strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, and formulated principles, based on years of experience with risk analysis in other setting and knowledge of the issues specific to analysis of pests. The principles developed highlight the both the similarities of pest risk analysis to other forms of risk analysis, and its unique attributes.     

门客与宋代科举文化

士人以门客的身份参加科举考试是宋代科举文化的突出特色。这一现象的出现,与宋代特殊的政治制度有着密切的关联,如恩荫、牒试等制度。这些优惠政策赋予了皇亲贵族特有的荫补权利,由此也惠及了他们的门客,许多士子借此通过科举考试并踏上了仕途。但为了获得门客资格参加科举考试,有些士子便四处冒名、请托,又衍生了许多流弊。