How European PR practitioners handle digital and social media

The European Communication Monitor (ECM) 2010 showed that digital communication and social media have grown in importance in the media mix of European organizations. Both new media types are positively correlated to the perceived impact of public relations (PR) in the organization. Specifically social networks and online videos are considered the most important social media tools. Also European practitioners expect that the content of communication will become more important as and when the use of social media further increases. The consequence that everyone within the organization is able to spread information is perceived as the most problematic aspect of social media. A potential problem is that only about one third of the European organizations have implemented social media policies with communication consultancies leading the way. Communication consultants consider social media significantly more important than practitioners working in organizations.     

Making Sense of Community Action and Voluntary Participation—A Multilevel Test of Multilevel Hypotheses: Do Communities Act?

To what extent does community context influence individuals’ proclivity to participate in community‐oriented activities and projects? In this article we utilize survey data from residents of 99 Iowa communities to conduct a multilevel analysis of voluntary participation and community action, simultaneously addressing voluntary participation at the individual level and “community action” at the community level. Additionally, we test the suggestion that community attachment may constitute a unique form of social capital. The robustness of these data allows us to overcome the obstacles that have led to the conflation of individual‐ and community‐level attributes in many community studies. We show that community attachment and community‐oriented action are determined almost entirely by individuals’ characteristics rather than by the characteristics of communities, and thus do not constitute community‐level phenomena, calling into question the assumptions on which certain theoretical approaches to community are based.     

Nineteenth Century Government-Assisted and total immigration from the United Kingdom to Australia: Quinquennial estimates by colony

This paper provides the first comprehensive estimates of total and government-assisted United Kingdom immigration to Australia in the nineteenth century using the vast array of primary source material published in British and colonial parliamentary papers. It concludes that about 47 per cent of United Kingdom immigrants were government-assisted.     

Secular changes in the height of fijians and indo-fijians

Quantitative evidence is presented on secular changes in the height of adult Fijians and Indo-Fijians during the past century. Consideration is also given to changes in the tempo of maturation and in the sexual dimorphism of height of these two groups.     

Mortality risks induced by the costs of regulations

Regulatory costs are ultimately paid for by the individuals in our society. The reduction in disposable income can lead to changes in purchasing, such as for safety and health care; stress, such as from job loss; and behavior, such as smoking or alcohol consumption. On average, these changes induce greater mortality risks and lead to premature deaths. This paper examines cases in which regulatory costs are primarily placed either on the general public or on individuals in a specific industry. Several policy issues concerning the mortality risks of regulatory costs are addressed. Neglecting the consideration of the fatalities induced by regulatory costs in the setting of regulations will lead to unnecessary deaths of Americans.     

Grounded Theory Methods and Qualitative Family Research

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