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161.
Since World War II, a small group of assertive MCs have chosen to lead on foreign policy issues about which they care, without waiting on the administration to take action. Significant foreign policy innovation has been the result. From the coldest days of the Cold War to the changed circumstances after 9/11, important congressional initiatives attributable to a few key individuals can be found. Drawing on an original quantitative dataset of post-World War II congressional foreign policy activity, interviews with members and their staffs, and primary and secondary research, this paper: (a) discusses the characteristics and impact of these policymakers; (b) develops categories of entrepreneurs, drawn from issues to which entrepreneurs have devoted their attention; and (c) derives strategies of entrepreneurship drawn from the activities and avenues utilized by the entrepreneurs. 相似文献
162.
Ralph N. D. Atkinson 《Social Studies》2013,104(3):100-101
163.
164.
Kurt A. Bruder 《Symbolic Interaction》1998,21(1):87-116
This paper explores the development and maintenance of the self among members of an Orthodox Christian monastery. The principal communicative resource by which members effect their unique social order, the blessing sequence, is interpreted as a spiritual technology for altering processes of reality construction, especially those associated with agency and selfhood. The deconstruction and reconstruction of the monastic self is essential to their membership in the community and a necessary preparation for the achievement of their shared objective: immediate experience of Ultimate Reality. This study demonstrates the interdependence of communicative practice and psychological experience and suggests that specific interactive routines may be identified and enacted in order to secure desirable psycho-social outcomes. 相似文献
165.
The potential impacts from climate change, and climate change policies, are massive. Careful thinking about what we want climate change policies to achieve is a crucial first step for analysts to help governments make wise policy choices to address these concerns. This article presents an adaptive framework to help guide comparative analysis of climate change policies. The framework recognizes the inability to forecast long-term impacts (due in part to path dependance) as a constraint on the use of standard policy analysis, and stresses learning over time as a fundamental concern. The framework focuses on the objectives relevant for climate change policy in North America over the near term (e.g., the next 20 years). For planning and evaluating current climate policy alternatives, a combination of fundamental objectives for the near term and proxy objectives for characterizing the state of the climate problem and the ability to address it at the end of that term is suggested. Broad uses of the framework are discussed, along with some concrete examples. The framework is intended to provide a basis for policy analysis that explicitly considers the benefits of learning over time to improve climate change policies. 相似文献
166.
Ralph Fevre 《The British journal of sociology》2006,57(4):713-713
167.
The present research explored Williamson's position that relational patterns indicative of Personal Authority in the Family System (PAFS) occur during the fourth and early fifth decades of life. Participants were 232 university student volunteers. Individuals age 30 and above reported less triangulation with their nuclear families and less intimidation and less intimacy with their parents than the under age 30 group. These results provide some support for the view that differentiation is more clearly discernible in the fourth and fifth decades of life than in earlier years. Canonical correlations revealed that as age increases, the amount of variance accounted for by nuclear family triangulation, intergenerational intimidation, and integenerational intimacy increases, supporting Williamson's position that age is a significant factor in achieving several relational patterns indicative of PAFS. 相似文献
168.
Ralph B. Taylor 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(1):41-74
This paper investigates neighborhood-level connections between ecological structure, responses to disorder, and local attachment
and social involvement. We develop predictions integrating the systemic model of community attachment, neighborhood use value,
and the social disorganization perspective. The systemic model predicts neighborhood stability will deepen attachment and
local involvement; the social disorganization perspective anticipates effects of stability on responses to disorder; and neighborhood
use value suggests effects of status, racial composition, and problems such as crime and deterioration on attachment. We further
propose, building on earlier work, that attachment may influence responses to disorder, or vice versa. Data include resident
surveys, census information, on-site assessments, and crime rates from 66 randomly selected Baltimore, Maryland, neighborhoods.
In support, respectively, of the systemic and neighborhood use value models, we find strong impacts of stability and class
on neighborhood attachment/involvement. Neighborhood fear and perceived informal social control depend upon emotional investment
and social integration. We see no overall impacts of deterioration on responses to disorder, calling into question some key
aspects of the incivilities thesis. Earlier investigations of deterioration and responses to disorder that excluded person-place
transactions may have been misspecified. Results underscore the strong relationship between person-environment transactions
and responses to disorder. Asking how to encourage citizens to resist disorder is questioning, in part, how to increase the
bonds residents have with the locale and with one another.
Portions of an earlier version of this paper were presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association,
Los Angeles, August 1994. 相似文献
169.
Ralph Horwitz 《Long Range Planning》1979,12(1):62-66
Corporate planning is accepted by some as being an effective, efficient, and feasible means of charting the path an enterprise takes through the future. In this paper the author questions both the concept and the contribution of corporate planning. The author examines not only the problem of budgetary analysis within a planning process but also questions the ability of corporate planning to provide the necessary perspective of the future in any identifiable or probabilistic sense. The author postulates ‘the guts of corporate planning’. In the author's own word conceptual critiques ‘may be defined as setting up your own straw man in place of the other fellow's sawdust totem’. However, this paper presents some controversial yet fundamental criticisms of the current concepts of corporate planning. It is for the reader to judge whether the straw or the sawdust is deepest. 相似文献
170.