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691.
Gráda CÓ 《Population studies》1975,29(1):143-149
Summary On the basis of a re-examination of the different statistical series of post-Famine Irish emigration, this paper finds (1) that the total outflow was larger than the figures for total emigration allow, and (2) that permanent movement to Great Britain was substantially more important, both relatively and absolutely, than is commonly realized. 相似文献
692.
Jesús Hernández Aristu 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2005,12(2):185-194
Understanding in supervision and coaching: Language as chance and obstacleThe word or the language in general are the vehicle through which the human beings interact with each other, differentiate themselves and regulate their relations. But at the same time anybody’s word is becoming in the postmodern societies more and more individual, self-referential and self-differentiating which means both a chance and an obstacle. The relation between supervisor/coach and client shapes a system of communication that produces stability and at the same time it creates a threat which brings about the possibility of changing the patterns of meaning introducing differentiated models of language. 相似文献
693.
The study is about the characteristics and phenomena of the labour migration that fluxes from, through, and into the East
Central European region. The typical groups of migrant workers are emphasized, like the qualified employees, the commuters,
the illegal workers, or the migrants according to the family's income optimization. The brain drain is analyzed as a problem
of the absence of experts in the region. The tools and possibilities of migration policy are discussed, too, to find suggestions
for the state how to turn the direction of migration to the desired way. Through this topic, the countries of destination
are introduced with the competitive position of the eastern migrants. The study also reflects on the problem of asymmetric
flux of labour out of the region. 相似文献
694.
Política en Penumbra. Patronazgo y Clientelismo Políticos en la España Contemporánea A. Robles Egea (Ed.) Siglo Veintiuno de España Editores, S.A. Madrid, 1996
Mujeres y Hombres en la Formación de la Teoría Sociológica M. Ángeles Duran Heras CIS, Madrid, 1996; 340 pp 相似文献
695.
We show that for a simple random sample from a discrete distribution on the positive integers, the regression ofX (2∶n) onX (1∶n) is linear with unit slope if and only if the distribution is geometric. 相似文献
696.
Wout Slob Lya G. Soeteman-Hernández Wieneke Bil Yvonne C.M. Staal W. Edryd Stephens Reinskje Talhout 《Risk analysis》2020,40(7):1355-1366
Comparing the harmful health effects related to two different tobacco products by applying common risk assessment methods to each individual compound is problematic. We developed a method that circumvents some of these problems by focusing on the change in cumulative exposure (CCE) of the compounds emitted by the two products considered. The method consists of six steps. The first three steps encompass dose-response analysis of cancer data, resulting in relative potency factors with confidence intervals. The fourth step evaluates emission data, resulting in confidence intervals for the expected emission of each compound. The fifth step calculates the change in CCE, probabilistically, resulting in an uncertainty range for the CCE. The sixth step estimates the associated health impact by combining the CCE with relevant dose-response information. As an illustrative case study, we applied the method to eight carcinogens occurring both in the emissions of heated tobacco products (HTPs), a novel class of tobacco products, and tobacco smoke. The CCE was estimated to be 10- to 25-fold lower when using HTPs instead of cigarettes. Such a change indicates a substantially smaller reduction in expected life span, based on available dose-response information in smokers. However, this is a preliminary conclusion, as only eight carcinogens were considered so far. Furthermore, an unfavorable health impact related to HTPs remains as compared to complete abstinence. Our method results in useful information that may help policy makers in better understanding the potential health impact of new tobacco and related products. A similar approach can be used to compare the carcinogenicity of other mixtures. 相似文献
697.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: The Contingent Role of Public Service Motivation
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Paul Bottomley Ahmed Mohammed Sayed Mostafa Julian Seymour Gould‐Williams Filadelfo León‐Cázares 《英国管理杂志》2016,27(2):390-405
In this paper we examine whether the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) is contingent on public service motivation (PSM). We propose that PSM may reduce the motivational influences of transformational leaders’ behaviours on followers’ OCBs in public sector organizations. Using a sample of Mexican employees we tested this proposition with structural equation modelling. Our results show that the motivational effects of transformational leadership were less for public sector followers higher in PSM than for those lower in PSM. A follow‐up study in private sector organizations did not reveal a similar interaction effect. These findings appear consistent with previous research demonstrating that PSM is more aligned to the goals and values of public rather than private sector organizations. Nevertheless, the direct effects of PSM on OCBs remained in the private sector. 相似文献
698.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Informant Research Designs to Examine the Human Resource Management−Performance Relationship
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Juan Carlos Bou‐Llusar Inmaculada Beltrán‐Martín Vicente Roca‐Puig Ana Belén Escrig‐Tena 《英国管理杂志》2016,27(3):646-668
During the last decades, many empirical studies have analysed the relationship between human resource management and firm performance. Despite the call for multiple‐rater designs, a relatively large number of researchers still rely on survey responses provided by a single informant in each organization. Single‐informant designs suffer from a number of problems, especially when the responses provided by different types of raters across firms are pooled into a single dataset prior to assessing their equivalence across raters. Using an illustration of the relationship between high performance work systems and firm performance, in this paper we observe that responses provided by managers holding different positions (human resource managers and sales managers) differ significantly and therefore pooling their responses into a single dataset may result in confusing conclusions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differences arise in the estimated parameters when a multiple‐key‐informant approach, compared to a single‐informant design, is adopted. For these reasons, data collection using multiple key informants is recommended, based on the assumption that some raters in the firm will be more knowledgeable about the variables of interest than others. 相似文献
699.
J. Andrés Christen Bruno Sansó Mario Santana-Cibrian Jorge X. Velasco-Hernández 《Journal of applied statistics》2016,43(4):721-737
We use Bayesian methods to infer an unobserved function that is convolved with a known kernel. Our method is based on the assumption that the function of interest is a Gaussian process and, assuming a particular correlation structure, the resulting convolution is also a Gaussian process. This fact is used to obtain inferences regarding the unobserved process, effectively providing a deconvolution method. We apply the methodology to the problem of estimating the parameters of an oil reservoir from well-test pressure data. Here, the unknown process describes the structure of the well. Applications to data from Mexican oil wells show very accurate results. 相似文献
700.
The frailty approach is commonly used in reliability theory and survival analysis to model the dependence between lifetimes of individuals or components subject to common risk factors; according to this model the frailty (an unobservable random vector that describes environmental conditions) acts simultaneously on the hazard functions of the lifetimes. Some interesting conditions for stochastic comparisons between random vectors defined in accordance with these models have been described in the literature; in particular, comparisons between frailty models have been studied by assuming independence for the baseline survival functions and the corresponding environmental parameters. In this paper, a generalization of these models is developed, which assumes conditional dependence between the components of the random vector, and some conditions for stochastic comparisons are provided. Some examples of frailty models satisfying these conditions are also described. 相似文献